14 Result(s)
-
Chapter
Ions in liquid metal clusters
From the results of computer simulations, especially of 13-atom metal clusters by molecular dynamics, we derive a theory of the solid–liquid phase transition in metal clusters that connects to the jellium mode...
-
Chapter
Finite-Time Thermodynamics
Traditional thermodynamics evolved from Carnot’s introduction of the concept of the ideal reversible process, a process that would proceed infi- nitely slowly. Precisely because of that constraint, such a proc...
-
Chapter
Phases, Phase Changes, and the Thermodynamics of Small Systems
The thermodynamics of small systems seems strange, even bizarre, at first encounter, especially if one’s thinking is locked to the concepts traditionally presented in texts and courses on thermodynamics of con...
-
Chapter
Phases and Phase Changes of Clusters
Phase-like forms are expected to be observable for many kinds of clusters, insofar as they should satisfy criteria used to characterize phases of bulk form. However clusters are also expected to exhibit phase-...
-
Chapter
Topographies and Dynamics of Many-Dimensional Potential Surfaces
Multidimensional potential surfaces pose a variety of problems, not least of which is that it is now possible to obtain more information about the minima and other stationary points of such surfaces than we kn...
-
Chapter
Probing The Collective and Independent-Particle Character of Atomic Electrons
Niels Bohr and Arnold Sommerfeld developed their model of the hydrogen atom and other one-electron atoms based on the concepts of discrete, stationary states and quantized energies and angular momenta of these...
-
Chapter
Pseudomolecular Electron Correlation in Atoms
The D-dimensional scaling properties of the three-body Coulomb problem in atomic and molecular physics have been discussed in part 1 of this volume. Here we examine some new features of the adiabatic molecular...
-
Chapter
Phase Changes for Clusters and for Bulk Matter
Two kinds of phase changes are analyzed and compared, in the context of clusters and in terms of their implications for bulk matter. The homogeneous melting and freezing transition is reviewed briefly with reg...
-
Chapter and Conference Paper
How We and Molecules Explore Molecular Landscapes
The multidimensional potential surfaces of clusters and polyatomic molecules can now be mapped by efficient techniques for finding minima and saddle points and, from them, “reaction paths”. How the geometry an...
-
Chapter
Time Scale Considerations in the Characterization of Melting and Freezing in Microclusters
In spite of their size, some microclusters exhibit distinct solid and liquid forms, according to diffraction and simulation studies. Both isothermal and isoergic simulations show that several free Ar ...
-
Chapter and Conference Paper
Phase Changes: The Interplay of Dynamics and Equilibrium in Finite Systems
Finite systems may exhibit solid-like and liquid-like “phases”, whose conditions for mutual equilibrium do not correspond to those of any traditional bulk phase transition, whether first-order, second-order or...
-
Chapter
Molecules: Rigid/Floppy or Solid/Liquid?
Nearly-rigid molecules and clusters are identified with solid-like systems and very nonrigid molecules and clusters, with liquid-like counterparts. Evidence from analytic theory and simulations is building to ...
-
Chapter and Conference Paper
Collective and Independent-Particle Motion in Simple Atoms and Molecules: a Unification?
The evidence is reviewed that implies electrons in doubly-excited states of helium behave like the atoms of a linear triatomic molecule. The relation between molecule-like collective motion and independent- pa...
-
Chapter and Conference Paper
Are Atoms and Small Molecules Almost the Same?
A basis is laid for interpreting the electronic structure of atoms, the atomic structure of molecules and clusters, and perhaps eventually the nucleonic structure of nuclei on something of a common basis. The ...
