110 Result(s)
-
Chapter
The Role of Vitamin C in the Prevention and Treatment of Cancers
is a water-soluble vitamin, and is contained in many vegetables, fruits and other foods. Vitamin C possesses many bioactivities, such shows anticancer action against , such as colorectal cancer, breast...
-
Chapter
Vitamin C in Health and Disease: From Redox Biology to Clinical Medicine
is one of the most extensively studied vitamins in modern medicine. Its diverse biological activities have made it a promising agent for human . This chapter discusses recent advances of vitamin C and its ...
-
Chapter
Structures and Electron Transport Paths in the Four Families of Flavin-Based Electron Bifurcation Enzymes
Oxidoreductases facilitating electron transfer between molecules are pivotal in metabolic pathways. Flavin-based electron bifurcation (FBEB), a recently discovered energy coupling mechanism in oxidoreductases,...
-
Chapter
Structure and Function of the Glycosylphosphatidylinositol Transamidase, a Transmembrane Complex Catalyzing GPI Anchoring of Proteins
Glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchoring of proteins is a ubiquitous posttranslational modification in eukaryotic cells. GPI-anchored proteins (GPI-APs) play critical roles in enzymatic, signaling, regulat...
-
Chapter
Probing the RNA Structure-Dependent RNA Regulations and Functions
RNAs form complex structures in vivo to perform diverse functions. These RNA structures dynamically change in response to internal cellular regulatory factors. Latest technological innovations have allowed us ...
-
Chapter
The Structure, Function, and Modification of Non-coding RNAs in Cardiovascular System
The occurrence, development and prognosis of cardiovascular disease is a multi-factor and multi-path pathological process. In addition to environmental factors, epigenetic regulation mechanisms also play an im...
-
Chapter
Fundamentals and Applications of Optically Active Melanin-Based Materials
Melanin is a group of ubiquitous biological pigments. It has excellent photonic properties such as broadband light absorption and high refractive index, combined with other physicochemical functions like free ...
-
Chapter
Amino Acid Nutrition and Metabolism in Chickens
Both poultry meat and eggs provide high-quality animal protein [containing sufficient amounts and proper ratios of amino acids (AAs)] for human consumption and, therefore, play an important role in the growth,...
-
Chapter
Nutrition and Functions of Amino Acids in Aquatic Crustaceans
Crustaceans (e.g., shrimp and crabs) are a good source of protein-rich foods for human consumption. They are the second largest aquaculture species worldwide. Understanding the digestion of dietary protein, as...
-
Chapter
Composition of Amino Acids in Foodstuffs for Humans and Animals
Amino acids (AAs) are the building blocks of proteins that have both structural and metabolic functions in humans and other animals. In mammals, birds, fish, and crustaceans, proteinogenic AAs are alanine, arg...
-
Chapter
Nutrition and Functions of Amino Acids in Fish
Aquaculture is increasingly important for providing humans with high-quality animal protein to improve growth, development and health. Farm-raised fish and shellfish now exceed captured fisheries for foods. Mo...
-
Chapter
Oxidation of Energy Substrates in Tissues of Fish: Metabolic Significance and Implications for Gene Expression and Carcinogenesis
Fish are useful animal models for studying effects of nutrients and environmental factors on gene expression (including epigenetics), toxicology, and carcinogenesis. To optimize the response of the animals to ...
-
Chapter
Amino Acid Metabolism in the Liver: Nutritional and Physiological Significance
The liver plays a central role in amino acid (AA) metabolism in humans and other animals. In all mammals, this organ synthesizes many AAs (including glutamate, glutamine, alanine, aspartate, asparagine, glycin...
-
Chapter
Amino Acid Metabolism in the Kidneys: Nutritional and Physiological Significance
The kidneys are developed from the intermediate mesoderm of the embryo. They are important for osmoregulation, regulation of acid-base balance, reabsorption of nutrients, and excretion of metabolites. In fish,...
-
Chapter
Renal Injury Repair: How About the Role of Stem Cells
Renal failure is one of the most important causes of mortality and morbidity all over the world. Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a major clinical problem that affects up to 5% of all hospitalized patients. Althou...
-
Chapter
Role of Extracellular Vesicles in Renal Inflammation and Fibrosis
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are the membrane-surrounded structures released by almost all types of cells. Accumulating evidences have suggested that EVs secretion is enhanced under stress conditions and have ...
-
Chapter
Role of Inflammasome in Chronic Kidney Disease
The inflammasome is a multiprotein complex assembled by intracytoplasmic pattern recognition receptors and is a key component of the innate immune system for host defense. Inflammasome recruits and activates t...
-
Chapter
Hypoxia and Renal Tubulointerstitial Fibrosis
Hypoxia, one of the most common causes of kidney injury, is a key pathological condition in various kidney diseases. Renal fibrosis is the terminal pathway involved in the continuous progression of chronic kid...
-
Chapter
Autophagy, Aging, and Longevity
Autophagy is a conserved process that degrades intracellular components through lysosomes, thereby maintaining energy homeostasis and renewal of organelles. Mounting evidence indicates that autophagy plays a k...
-
Chapter
Immune Signaling and Autophagy Regulation
Autophagy is one of the key degradation systems in organisms. Starvation and nutrient deprivation induce autophagy activation, providing energy and anabolic substances to maintain energy homeostasis. A variety...
