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Open AccessNew progress in roles of TGF-β signaling crosstalks in cellular functions, immunity and diseases
The family of secreted dimeric proteins known as the Transforming Growth Factor-β (TGF-β) family plays a critical role in facilitating intercellular communication within multicellular animals. A recent symposi...
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Open AccessAuthor Correction: Guidelines and definitions for research on epithelial–mesenchymal transition
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TGFβ biology in cancer progression and immunotherapy
TGFβ signalling has key roles in cancer progression: most carcinoma cells have inactivated their epithelial antiproliferative response and benefit from increased TGFβ expression and autocrine TGFβ signalling t...
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Open AccessGuidelines and definitions for research on epithelial–mesenchymal transition
Epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) encompasses dynamic changes in cellular organization from epithelial to mesenchymal phenotypes, which leads to functional changes in cell migration and invasion. EMT occ...
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Open AccessIntegration of TGF-β-induced Smad signaling in the insulin-induced transcriptional response in endothelial cells
Insulin signaling governs many processes including glucose homeostasis and metabolism, and is therapeutically used to treat hyperglycemia in diabetes. We demonstrated that insulin-induced Akt activation enhanc...
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Molecular mechanisms of epithelial–mesenchymal transition
The epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) process results in the downregulation of epithelial, and activation of mesenchymal, cell characteristics and behavi...
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Multiple targets of miR-302 and miR-372 promote reprogramming of human fibroblasts to induced pluripotent stem cells
Much work remains to be done to understand the ‘black box’ of reprogramming, which involves changes in the expression of thousands of genes. Subramanyam et al. identify microRNAs that promote human cell reprogram...
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TGF-β-induced epithelial to mesenchymal transition
During development and in the context of different morphogenetic events, epithelial cells undergo a process called epithelial to mesenchymal transition or transdifferentiation (EMT). In this process, the cells...
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The type I TGF-β receptor is covalently modified and regulated by sumoylation
Post-translational sumoylation, the covalent attachment of a small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO), regulates the functions of proteins engaged in diverse processes. Often associated with nuclear and perinuclea...
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Differentiation plasticity regulated by TGF-β family proteins in development and disease
During development, stem and progenitor cells gradually commit to differentiation pathways. Cell fate decisions are regulated by differentiation factors, which activate transcription programmes that specify li...
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Crystal structure of IRF-3 reveals mechanism of autoinhibition and virus-induced phosphoactivation
IRF-3, a member of the interferon regulatory factor (IRF) family of transcription factors, functions as a molecular switch for antiviral activity. IRF-3 uses an autoinhibitory mechanism to suppress its transac...
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Smad-dependent and Smad-independent pathways in TGF-β family signalling
Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) proteins regulate cell function, and have key roles in development and carcinogenesis. The intracellular effectors of TGF-β signalling, the Smad proteins, are activated by ...
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Interfering with bone remodelling
As they mature, bone-resorbing cells trigger the production of their own 'off-switch' — the interferon-β protein — to prevent the runaway bone loss that is seen in diseases such as osteoporosis.
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TGF-β signaling in tumor suppression and cancer progression
Epithelial and hematopoietic cells have a high turnover and their progenitor cells divide continuously, making them prime targets for genetic and epigenetic changes that lead to cell transformation and tumorig...
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Skeletal development in the zebrafish
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Epidermal growth factor receptor function is necessary for normal craniofacial development and palate closure
Craniofacial malformations are among the most frequent congenital birth defects in humans; cleft palate, that is inadequate fusion of the palatal shelves, occurs with an annual incidence of 1 in 700 to 1 in 1,...
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Erratum: Smad3 and Smad4 cooperate with c-Jun/c-Fos to mediate TFG-β-induced transcription
Nature 394 909–913 (1998) In Fig. 1 of this Letter, the key in all panels was incorrect: black bars should be +TGF-β, and white bars should be −TGF-β; in addition, the c-Fos Smad3/4 bar colours were transposed...
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Smad3 and Smad4 cooperate with c-Jun/c-Fos to mediate TGF-β-induced transcription
Smad proteins transduce signals for transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β)-related factors1. Smad proteins activated by receptors for TGF-β form complexes with Smad4. These complexes are translocated into the nucle...
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SMAD proteins and mammalian anatomy
Members of the transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) family, which signal through SMAD proteins, are involved in many developmental processes. Inactivation of the genes encoding two of the SMAD proteins, Smads ...
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Structure and sequence of the mouse bmp6 gene