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Cooperation, Law and Artificial Intelligence Technologies
The study starts from assumptions peculiar to cognitive sciences and evolutionary anthropology, which are not very common among legal scholars, at...
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Robots and Humans
Previously separated from humans behind a fence, the new advanced robots (or cobots) are sharing our workspace and collaborating with us. The...
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Environmental Enrichment in Real and Virtual Realms Fosters Neural Plasticity Related to Learning and Memory Processes
The new perspective of embodied cognition has broadened the horizons of cognition-related neural activity up to embracing the whole body and its...
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Conservation of Ligand Binding Between Voltage-Gated Sodium and T-Type Calcium Channels
In vertebrates, two types of ion channels are responsible for amplifying electrical signals and facilitating neurotransmission: voltage-gated sodium...
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The Presynaptic α2δ Protein Family and Their Therapeutic Potential
α2δ proteins are well-established modulators of membrane expression and biophysical properties of voltage-gated calcium channels. Moreover, they are...
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Immune Cell Ion Channels as Therapeutic Targets
The immune systemImmune systems and its components represent the body’s defensive apparatus against microbes, toxins, trauma, and neoplasms....
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Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator (CFTR)-Targeted Therapeutics for Cystic Fibrosis
Treatment of the common life-limiting genetic disease cystic fibrosis (CF) has been transformed by small molecule therapeutics that target the root...
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Ion Channel Tools and Therapeutics from Venoms and Toxins
For almost as long as the ion channels in our brains have powered conscious thought, we have been fascinated by venoms and toxins. Initially thought...
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The Behavioral Tagging Hypothesis: A Mechanistic Approach for the Storage of Lasting Memories
Memories are experience-dependent internal representations of the world that can last from short periods of time to a whole life. The formation of...
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Astrocytes: The Rising Stars that Regulate Synaptic Plasticity and Long-Term Memory Formation
For decades, our understanding of the mechanisms underlying long-term synaptic plasticity and memory is largely limited to the roles played by...
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Molecular Mechanisms Underlying Synaptic Tagging and Consolidation
After a synapse undergoes long-term potentiation (LTP), it acquires a newly remodeled molecular and structural organization. This reorganization over...
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Physiological Sharp Waves, Replay, and Further Reflections on Axons
Measurement of hippocampal EEG has a long history (reviewed by Colgin, Nat Rev Neurosci 17:239–249, 2016; J Neurosci 40:54–60, 2020; Green and...
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Cortical Up-States as a General Leitmotif
We have discussed above the slow oscillation of sleep and some of its physiological properties, particularly including its robustness and the...
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Introduction: How Should One Think About Nervous Systems?
This book deals with structures and activity patterns of neuronal networks. While trying to understand their dynamics, we unavoidably use knowledge...
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Synchronization Through Excitatory Synapses: Epilepsy but Also Conscious Perception
In this chapter we shall argue for a notion that will strike many as paradoxical, even absurd: we shall argue that neuronal circuitry allowing...
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Oscillation Synchronization, Synaptic Plasticity, and Cell Assemblies
In this chapter we shall begin consideration of one of the prevailing hypotheses concerning the function of network oscillations in the brain: that...
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Central Pattern Generators
Central pattern generators (CPGs) are circuits of neurons – coupled by chemical synapses and often gap junctions (Marder et al., Dev Neurobiol...
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Very Fast Oscillations, Electrodecrements, and Seizure Initiation (with Comments on pH and Clinical Relevance)
A computer chip must not get too hot, but its operating range of temperatures, perhaps over a range of 50 °C, is far wider than the temperature...
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Modeling Emergent Dynamics Arising from Synaptic Tagging and Capture at the Network Level
The transfer from short-term memory, which persists only for a few hours, to long-term memory is assumed to begin with a process called synaptic...
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Unlocking the Memory Vault: Dopamine, Novelty, and Memory Consolidation in the Hippocampus
Most everyday memories, including numerous episodic memories formed automatically in the hippocampus, are forgotten. However, some memories are...