Abstract
Memories are experience-dependent internal representations of the world that can last from short periods of time to a whole life. The formation of long-term memories relies on several biochemical changes, which inducing modifications in the synaptic efficiency change the way the neurons communicate each other. Interestingly, the formation of a lasting memory does not entirely depend on learning itself; different events occurring before or after a particular experience can affect its processing, impairing, improving or even inducing lasting memories. The overlap** of neuronal networks involved in the processing of different types of learning might explain why different experiences interact at neuronal level. However, how and where this does really happen is an issue of study.
In 1997, the Synaptic Tagging and Capture hypothesis provided a strong framework to explain how synaptic specificity can be achieved when inducing long-lasting changes in electrophysiological models of functional plasticity. Ten years later, an analogous argument was used in learning and memory models to postulate the Behavioral Tagging hypothesis. This framework provided solid explanation of how weak events, only capable of inducing transient forms of memories, can result in lasting memories when occurring in the context of other behaviorally relevant experiences. The hypothesis postulates that the formation of lasting memories rely on at least two parallel processes: (1) the setting of a learning tag that determines which memory could be stored and where and (2) the synthesis of plasticity-related proteins, which once captured at tagged sites will allow the consolidation of a memory for long periods of time. Therefore, a weak learning, only able to induce transient forms of memories but also capable of setting a learning tag, could be benefited from the proteins synthesized by a different strong event, processed in the same areas, by using them to consolidate its own lasting memory.
In this chapter, we detail the postulates and predictions of the Behavioral Tagging hypothesis. We review the bibliography covering the 15 years from the postulation of the hypothesis to deepen into the mechanisms associated with tag setting and the synthesis of proteins. And we discuss its implications on memory formation and its persistence.
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Viola, H., Ballarini, F., Moncada, D. (2024). The Behavioral Tagging Hypothesis: A Mechanistic Approach for the Storage of Lasting Memories. In: Sajikumar, S., Abel, T. (eds) Synaptic Tagging and Capture. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-54864-2_19
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