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Natürliche Killerzellen — Charakterisierung, klinische und speziell dermatologische Bedeutung

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Neue Entwicklungen in der Dermatologie

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Zusammenfassung

Die Existenz Natürlicher Killerzellen (NK) — einer Lymphocytensubpopulation — ist beim Menschen und bei verschiedenen Säugetieren beschrieben. Diese Zellen verfügen über eine gegen zahlreiche Tumor- und gesunde Zellen gerichtete spontane cytotoxische Aktivität, die sich durch Interleukin 2 (IL-2) und Interferon (IFN) innerhalb kürzester Zeit potenzieren läßt. Die NK unterscheiden sich hinsichtlich ihrer Morphologie und Oberflächenmarkereigenschaften von anderen Lymphocyten. Zwischen NK-Aktivität und Anwesenheit von großen granulären Lymphocyten, die etwa 5% der zirkulierenden Leukocyten bilden, besteht eine enge Korrelation. Experimentelle und klinische Daten belegen, daß die NK durch ihre cytoto- xischen Aktivitäten gegenüber Tumorzellen, Viren und anderen Mikroorganismen die natürliche Immunabwehr stützen. Die NK haben ferner auch immunregulatorische Funktionen. Im folgenden wird neben morphologischen und immunologischen Eigenschaften der NK ein Überblick über ihre klinische — und insbesondere dermatologische — Bedeutung gegeben.

Summary

Natural killer cells (NK) represent a subpopulation of lymphoid cells present in a bright range of mammalian species. NK possess spontaneous cytotoxic activity against a variety of tumor cells, microorganisms, cells infected by microbial agents and against some normal cells as well. The NK function can be rapidly augmented by interleukin-2 (IL-2) and interferon (IFN). NK have morphological and cell surface marker characteristics distinct from other types of lymphoid cells. Significant correlation exists between NK activity and presence of large granular lymphocytes which comprise about 5% of blood leukocytes. There ist now compelling evidence that NK may serve as effector cells in host resistance against some tumors in vivo, certain virus and microbial diseases. Furthermore, NK may also act as immunoregu- latory cells. In this review morphological, clinical and especially dermatological aspects of NK are discussed.

Stipendiat des Deutschen Akademischen Austauschdienstes aus der Univ.-Hautklinik Szeged/Ungarn

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  1. Dermatologische Universitäts-Klinik, Hartmannstraße 14, D-8520, Erlangen, Germany

    J. Hunyadi, M. Simon Jr. & O. P. Hornstein

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    O. P. Hornstein

  2. Münster-Hornheide, Germany

    M. Hundeiker

  3. Mannheim, Germany

    J. Schönfeld

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Hunyadi, J., Simon, M., Hornstein, O.P. (1987). Natürliche Killerzellen — Charakterisierung, klinische und speziell dermatologische Bedeutung. In: Hornstein, O.P., Hundeiker, M., Schönfeld, J. (eds) Neue Entwicklungen in der Dermatologie. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-72828-0_1

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