SpringerLink
Log in

Aging Hardening and Precipitation Characteristics of Extruded Mg–9Al–0.8Zn–0.2Mn–0.3Ca–0.2Y Alloy

  • Published:
Metals and Materials International Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

In this study, an Mg–9Al–0.8Zn–0.2Mn–0.3Ca–0.2Y (AZXW9100) alloy having high corrosion and ignition resistance characteristics is recently developed. This study investigates the aging hardening and Mg17Al12 precipitation characteristics of the extruded AZXW9100 alloy by comparing those of a commercial AZ91 counterpart. Both alloys’ microstructures consist of equiaxed recrystallized grains and they have an intense basal texture. Unlike the AZ91 alloy with a few Al–Mn particles, the AZXW9100 alloy contains numerous Al2Y, Al8Mn4Y, and Al2Ca particles. As the aging time increases from 0 to 8 h at 200 °C, the hardness increases from 63.6 to 95.4 Hv and 68.8 to 98.3 Hv for the AZ91 and AZXW9100 alloys, respectively. Although the hardness increments during aging and the peak aging times are almost the same for both alloys, their Mg17Al12 precipitation behavior considerably differs. During aging, the number of Mg17Al12 continuous precipitates formed in the AZXW9100 alloy is less than that in the AZ91 alloy because of the lower amount of Al solute atoms in the former. The nucleation and growth of Mg17Al12 discontinuous precipitates (DPs) are also suppressed in the AZXW9100 alloy because of the combined effect by the reduced Al solutes, finer grains, Ca and Y solutes, and second-phase particles. Consequently, the area fraction of DPs of the peak-aged AZXW9100 alloy is nearly half that of the peak-aged AZ91 alloy. This study demonstrates that adding small amounts of Ca and Y to AZ91 alloy causes drastic variations in the Mg17Al12 precipitation behavior during aging.

Graphical Abstract

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Subscribe and save

Springer+ Basic
EUR 32.99 /Month
  • Get 10 units per month
  • Download Article/Chapter or Ebook
  • 1 Unit = 1 Article or 1 Chapter
  • Cancel anytime
Subscribe now

Buy Now

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10
Fig. 11

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. B.L. Mordike, T. Ebert, Mater. Sci. Eng. A 302, 37 (2001)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. T. Lee, M. Yamasaki, Y. Kawamura, J. Go, S.H. Park, Met. Mater. Int. 25, 372 (2019)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. V.V. Ramalingam, P. Ramasamy, M.D. Kovukkal, G. Myilsamy, Met. Mater. Int. 26, 409 (2020)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. M.G. Fontana, Corrosion Engineering, 3rd edn. (McGraw-Hill, Singapore, 1987), p. 42

    Google Scholar 

  5. J.E. Gray, B. Luan, J. Alloys Compd. 336, 88 (2002)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. D. Han, J. Zhang, J. Huang, Y. Lian, G. He, J. Magnes, Alloys 8, 329 (2020)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. B.S. You, W.W. Park, I.S. Chung, Scr. Mater. 42, 1089 (2000)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. M. Esmaily, J.E. Svensson, S. Fajardo, N. Birbilis, G.S. Frankel, S. Virtanen, R. Arrabal, S. Thomas, L.G. Johansson, Prog. Mater. Sci. 89, 92 (2017)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. B.S. You, Y.M. Kim, C.D. Yim, H.S. Kim, Magnesium Technology (Wiley, New York, 2014), pp. 325–329

    Google Scholar 

  10. Y. Go, S.M. Jo, S.H. Park, H.S. Kim, B.S. You, Y.M. Kim, J. Alloys Compd. 739, 69 (2018)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. S.H. Kim, S.W. Bae, S.W. Lee, B.G. Moon, H.S. Kim, Y.M. Kim, J. Yoon, S.H. Park, Mater. Sci. Eng. A 725, 309 (2018)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Y.J. Kim, Y.M. Kim, S.G. Hong, D.W. Kim, C.S. Lee, S.H. Park, J. Mater. Sci. Technol. 93, 41 (2021)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Y. Uematsu, K. Tokaji, M. Matsumoto, Mater. Sci. Eng. A 517, 138 (2009)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. C.H. Caceres, C.J. Davidson, J.R. Griffths, C.L. Newton, Mater. Sci. Eng. A 325, 344 (2002)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. W.J. Lai, Y.Y. Li, Y.F. Hsu, S. Trong, W.H. Wang, J. Alloys Compd. 476, 118 (2009)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. S.H. Kim, J.U. Lee, Y.J. Kim, J.H. Bae, B.S. You, S.H. Park, J. Mater. Sci. Technol. 34, 265 (2018)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. D. Dubey, K. Kadali, H. Kancharla, A. Zindal, J. Jain, K. Mondal, S.S. Singh, Met. Mater. Int. 27, 3282 (2021)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. I.C. Jung, Y.K. Kim, T.H. Cho, S.H. Oh, T.E. Kim, S.W. Shon, W.T. Kim, D.H. Kim, Met. Mater. Int. 20, 99 (2014)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. J.K. Kim, S.H. Oh, K.C. Kim, W.T. Kim, D.H. Kim, Met. Mater. Int. 23, 308 (2017)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. A. Srinivasan, U.T.S. Pillai, B.C. Pai, Mater. Sci. Eng. A 527, 6543 (2010)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. B.A. Esgandari, H. Mehrjoo, B. Nami, S.M. Miresmaeili, Mater. Sci. Eng. A 528, 5018 (2011)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. H.J. Kim, S.H. Kim, S.W. Lee, B.G. Moon, Y.M. Kim, J.H. Lee, J. Yoon, H. Yu, S.H. Park, Met. Mater. Int. 27, 514 (2021)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. J.W. Cha, Y.J. Kim, Y.M. Kim, J.H. Bae, S.H. Park, Met. Mater. Int. 28, 385 (2022)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. D.B. Lee, M.A. Abro, B.S. You, Met. Mater. Int. 23, 720 (2017)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. D.H. Lee, S.H. Kim, H.J. Kim, B.G. Moon, Y.M. Kim, S.H. Park, Met. Mater. Int. 27, 530 (2021)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. S.H. Park, S.H. Kim, H.S. Kim, J. Yoon, B.S. You, J. Alloys Compd. 667, 170 (2016)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. G.E. Dieter, in Mechanical Metallurgy, SI Metrix edn. (McGraw-Hill, London, 1988), p. 616

    Google Scholar 

  28. W.H. Sillekensm J.Bohlenm, in Advance in Wrought Magnesium Alloys: Fundamentals of Processing, Properties and Applications, 1st edn., ed by C. Bettles, M. Barnett (Woodhead Publishing, Sawston, 2012), p. 323

    Book  Google Scholar 

  29. J.S. Suh, B. Suh, J.O. Choi, Y.M. Kim, B.S. You, Met. Mater. Int. 27, 2696 (2021)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. H.J. Kim, S.C. **, J.G. Jung, S.H. Park, J. Mater. Sci. Technol. 71, 87 (2021)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. G.R. Ebrahimi, A.R. Maldar, R. Ebrahimi, A. Davoodi, M. Moshksar, Kov. Mater. 48, 277 (2010)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. S.H. Kim, S.W. Lee, B.G. Moon, H.S. Kim, Y.M. Kim, S.H. Park, J. Mater. Res. Technol. 8, 5254 (2019)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. D.H. Lee, B.G. Moon, Y.M. Kim, S.H. Park, J. Alloys Compd. 862, 158051 (2021)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. S.M. Baek, J.S. Kang, H.J. Shin, C.D. Yim, B.S. You, H.Y. Ha, S.S. Park, Corros. Sci. 118, 227 (2017)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. D. Duly, J.P. Simon, Y. Brechet, Acta Matall. Mater. 43, 101 (1995)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. K. Zhang, H. Li, X. Liang, Z. Chen, L. Wang, Mater. Charact. 161, 110146 (2020)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. J. Wang, X.-R. Zhu, Y.-D. Xu, J.-J. Nie, L.-J. Zhang, Chin. J. Nonferrous Met. 24, 25 (2014)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. F. Bu, Q. Yang, X. Qiu, T. Zheng, D. Zhang, X. Niu, Y. Li, X. Liu, J. Meng, Mater. Sci. Eng. A 639, 198 (2015)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. Y.X. Wang, J.W. Fu, Y.S. Yang, Trans. Nonferrous Met. Soc. China 22, 1322 (2012)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  40. K.N. Braszczyńska-Malik, J. Alloys Compd. 477, 870 (2009)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  41. B. Kondori, R. Mahmudi, Mater. Sci. Eng. A 527, 2014 (2010)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  42. D. Qui, M.X. Zhang, J.A. Taylor, P.M. Kelly, Acta Mater. 57, 3052 (2009)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  43. L.B. Ren, G.F. Quan, M.Y. Zhou, Y.Y. Guo, Z.Z. Jiang, Q. Tang, Mater. Sci. Eng. A 690, 195 (2017)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  44. S. Lee, S.H. Lee, D.H. Kim, Metall. Mater. Trans. A 29, 1221 (1998)

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

This work was supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF), and the grant was funded by the Korean government (MSIP, South Korea; No. 2019R1A2C1085272).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Materials Science and Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea

    Hyun Ji Kim & Sung Hyuk Park

  2. Implementation Research Division, Korea Institute of Materials Science, Changwon, 51508, Republic of Korea

    Young Min Kim & Jun Ho Bae

  3. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Hanyang University, Ansan, 15588, Republic of Korea

    Jonghun Yoon

Authors
  1. Hyun Ji Kim
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Young Min Kim
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Jun Ho Bae
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Jonghun Yoon
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Sung Hyuk Park
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Sung Hyuk Park.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest

The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Kim, H.J., Kim, Y.M., Bae, J.H. et al. Aging Hardening and Precipitation Characteristics of Extruded Mg–9Al–0.8Zn–0.2Mn–0.3Ca–0.2Y Alloy. Met. Mater. Int. 29, 381–389 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12540-022-01237-1

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12540-022-01237-1

Keywords

Search

Navigation