SpringerLink
Log in

Correlation Between the Arabian Sea Surface Temperature and the Onset Period of South Asian Summer Monsoon with Trend Analysis on the Intensity

  • Published:
Journal of Ocean University of China Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The long-term trend of the Arabian Sea surface temperature (ASST) during the formation of the South Asian summer monsoon (SASM) is discussed in this manuscript. From April to June, ASST changed from a meridional gradual distribution to a spatially uniform distribution and then to a zonal gradual distribution. The South Asian summer monsoon intensity (SASMI) and South Asian summer monsoon direction (SASMD) indicate that the variation of the ASST is highly related to the formation of the SASM during the summer monsoon period and can contribute to the spread of the SASM from the Southwest Arabian Sea throughout all of South Asia. Results of the correlation between the ASST and SASMI for the same month and its adjacent months were the same, and the areas of the positive correlation between the ASST and SASMI significantly increased from May–June as compared to April–May. The maximum correlation coefficient was 0.86. The results of the ASST and SASMD for the same month and its adjacent months were substantially different. However, the ASST and SASMD for May and April also showed a high positive correlation with a maximum correlation coefficient of 0.61 in the southwestern Arabian Sea. Existence of the ASST had a spatially consistent and significant upward trend with a mean increase of 0.6°C during the summer monsoon period from 1980 to 2020 (between April and September), whereas the SASMI had a strengthening trend along the western and southwestern regions of the Arabian Sea and the southeastern region of the Arabian Peninsula. Meanwhile, the rest of the study regions showed a declining trend. Overall, the entire study region showed a slight downward trend, and the average value decreased by 0.02ms−1.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Subscribe and save

Springer+ Basic
EUR 32.99 /Month
  • Get 10 units per month
  • Download Article/Chapter or Ebook
  • 1 Unit = 1 Article or 1 Chapter
  • Cancel anytime
Subscribe now

Buy Now

Price includes VAT (Germany)

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Ananthakrishnan, R., Pathan, J. M., and Aralikatti, S. S., 1983. The onset phase of the southwest monsoon. Current Science, 52: 755–764.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chacko, K. V., Kumar, P., Kumar, M., Mathew, B., and Bannur, V. M., 2012. A note on Arabian Sea warm pool and its possible relation with monsoon onset over Kerala. International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications, 2 (12): 1–4.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ding, Y. H., Sun, Y., Liu, Y. Y., Si, D., Wang, Z. Y., Zhu, Y. X., et al., 2013. Interdecadal and interannual variabilities of the Asian summer monsoon and its projection of future change. Chinese Journal of Atmospheric Sciences, 37 (2): 253–280 (in Chinese with English abstract).

    Google Scholar 

  • Echols, R., and Riser, S. C., 2020. The impact of barrier layers on Arabian Sea surface temperature variability. Geophysical Research Letters, 47: e2019GL085290, https://doi.org/10.1029/2019GL085290.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gu, L. L., Yao, J. M., and Hu, Z. Y., 2006. Typical strong and weak South Asian summer monsoon years and sea surface temperature of Arabian Sea. Journal of Tropical Meteorology, 22 (4): 374–379, DOI: https://doi.org/10.16032/j.issn.1004-4965.2006.04.009 (in Chinese with English abstract).

    Google Scholar 

  • He, J., Han, X., and Lin, X., 2019. Seasonal response of surface wind to SST perturbation in the Northern Hemisphere. Journal of Oceanology and Limnology, 37 (4): 1165–1175, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00343-019-8180-3.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jiang, J. L., Liu, Y. M., Li, J. P., and Zhang, R. H., 2021. Indian Ocean dipole: A review and perspective. Advances in Earth Science, 36 (6): 579–591, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.2021.066 (in Chinese with English abstract).

    Google Scholar 

  • Khan, S., Piao, S. C., Khan, I. U., Xu, B. C., Khan, S., Ismail, M. A., et al., 2021. Variability of SST and ILD in the Arabian Sea and Sea of Oman in association with the monsoon cycle. Mathematical Problems in Engineering, 2021: 1–15, https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/9958257.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kothawale, D. R., Munot, A. A., and Borgaonkar, H. P., 2008. Temperature variability over the Indian Ocean and its relationship with Indian summer monsoon rainfall. Theoretical and Applied Climatology, 92: 31–45, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00704-006-0291-z.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Liang, X. Y., Liu, Y. M., and Wu, G. X., 2005. The role of land-sea distribution in the formation of the Asian summer monsoon. Geophysical Research Letters, 32: 431–449, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1029/2004GL021587.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Liu, B. Q., and He, J. H., 2015. Reviews of the dynamics of Asian summer monsoon. Journal of Tropical Meteorology, 31 (6): 869–880 (in Chinese with English abstract).

    Google Scholar 

  • O’Neill, L. W., Chelton, D. B., Esbensen, S. K., and Wentz, F. J., 2005. High-resolution satellite measurements of the atmospheric boundary layer response to SST variations along the Agulhas return current. Journal of Climate, 18 (14): 2706–2723.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Qian, Y. F., Jiang, J., Zhang, Y., Yao, Y. H., and Xu, Z. F., 2004. The earliest onset area of the tropical Asian summer monsoon and its mechanisms. Acta Meteorologica Sinica, 62 (2): 129–139 (in Chinese with English abstract).

    Google Scholar 

  • Roman-Stork, H. L., Subrahmanyam, B., and Murty, V. S. N., 2020. The role of salinity in the southeastern Arabian Sea in determining monsoon onset and strength. Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, 125: e2019JC015592, https://doi.org/10.1029/2019JC015592.

    Google Scholar 

  • Vinayachandran, P. N., Shankar, D., Kurian, J., Durand, F., and Shenoi, S. S. C., 2007. Arabian Sea mini warm pool and the monsoon onset vortex. Current Science, 93: 203–214.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wallace, J. M., Mitchell, T. P., and Deser, C., 1989. The influence of sea-surface temperature on surface wind in the eastern equatorial Pacific: Seasonal and interannual variability. Journal of Climate, 2 (12): 1492–1499.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wei, F. Y., 2007. Modern Climatic Statistical Diagnosis and Prediction Techniques. 2nd edition. Meteorological Press, Bei**g, 296pp.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wu, G. X., Duan, A. M., Liu, Y. M., Yan, J. H., Liu, B. Q., Ren, S. L., et al., 2013. Recent advances in the study on the dynamics of the Asian summer monsoon onset. Chinese Journal of Atmospheric Sciences, 37 (2): 211–228, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3878/j.issn.1006-9895.2012.12312 (in Chinese with English abstract).

    Google Scholar 

  • Wu, Q. Y., Li, Q. Q., Ding, Y. H., Shen, X. Y., Zhao, M. C., and Zhu, Y. X., 2022. Asian summer monsoon responses to the change of land-sea thermodynamic contrast in a warming climate: CMIP6 projections. Advances in Climate Change Research, 13 (2): 205–217, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.accre.2022.01.001.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Xu, H., Hong, Y. T., and Hong, B., 2012. Decreasing Asian summer monsoon intensity after 1860 AD in the global warming epoch. Climate Dynamics, 39: 2079–2088, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-012-1378-0.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Yang, M. Z., and Ding, Y. H., 2006. Diagnostic study of the variation of Indian Ocean sea surface temperature and its impact on Indian summer monsoon rainfalls. Acta Oceanologica Sinica, 28 (4): 9–16 (in Chinese with English abstract).

    Google Scholar 

  • Yang, M. Z., Ding, Y. H., Li, W. J., and Mao, H. Q., 2007. Leading mode of Indian Ocean SST and its impact on Asian summer monsoon. Acta Meteorologica Sinica, 65 (4): 527–536 (in Chinese with English abstract).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zhang, Y. N., Wu, G. X., Liu, Y. M., and Guan, Y., 2014. The effects of asymmetric potential vorticity forcing on the instability of South Asia High and Indian summer monsoon onset. Science China Earth Sciences, 57 (2): 337–350, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11430-013-4664-8.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

This work is supported by the Global Change and Air-sea Interaction Project, the Research and Development of Marine Electromagnetic Field Sensors and Demonstration of Electromagnetic Detection Applications (No. 2022YFC 3104000), and the Special Project. The authors would like to thank the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) for providing the AMSR-E dataset. We are also grateful to the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) and the Met Office Hadley Centre for providing the ERA5 reanalysis dataset and HadISST dataset.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. College of Oceanic and Atmospheric Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China

    Shuzong Han & Ruoqi Wang

  2. College of Ocean Science and Technology, Hainan Tropical Ocean University, Sanya, 572000, China

    Shuzong Han

  3. Yazhou Bay Innovation Institute, Hainan Tropical Ocean University, Sanya, 572000, China

    Shuzong Han

  4. College of Meteorology and Oceanography, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, 410073, China

    Shui** Zhang & Zhentao Chen

Authors
  1. Shuzong Han
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Ruoqi Wang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Shui** Zhang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Zhentao Chen
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Shuzong Han.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Han, S., Wang, R., Zhang, S. et al. Correlation Between the Arabian Sea Surface Temperature and the Onset Period of South Asian Summer Monsoon with Trend Analysis on the Intensity. J. Ocean Univ. China 22, 930–938 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11802-023-5408-9

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11802-023-5408-9

Key words

Search

Navigation