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Riparian Zone Assessment and Management: an Integrated Review Using Geospatial Technology

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Abstract

Riparian zones act as ecological engineers through stream bank stabilization, pollutant buffering, energy provision to food webs, and groundwater recharge. In the ongoing situation of declining river water quality and global environmental changes, an integrated strategy involving aspects of riparian zone monitoring and management is essential for policy-making and socio-economic services. To address this, a review of papers and policies from 1980 to 2023 is conducted to identify existing technologies and their gaps. 298 articles were reviewed to understand riparian habitats and their ecological function. Analysis shows that field-based monitoring approaches have considerable limitations, including increased labor costs, and methodologies that result in ineffective riparian zone management. These issues can be overcome using geospatial technologies due to their high-quality and long-term inventories and ease of map updates. Unmanned aerial vehicles are widely used for low-cost monitoring in recent times. The result shows that there is no policy framework specifically addressing riparian zone management across the South Asian region which is home to the world’s largest population. Riparian buffer width requires attention across all stakeholders which are missing in the South Asian region and a few other countries across the globe. The authors suggest the use of buffer width consisting of Vetiver grasses of at least 5 m used in conjunction with woody vegetation of a 25-m filter strip. Strategies from the USA and Australia can also show the path towards the riparian zone sustainability.

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Data Availability

Data sharing does not apply to this article as no datasets were generated or analyzed during the current study.

Abbreviations

ADCP:

Acoustic Doppler current profiling

ALS:

Aerial laser scanning

ARCH:

Arches National Park

ASTER:

Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer

AUV:

Autonomous underwater vehicles

BMPs:

Best management plans

CBD:

Convention on biological diversity

CRP:

Conservation reserve program

CRZ:

Coastal regulation zone

DTS:

Distributed temperature sensing

E-flows:

Environmental flows

ERT:

Electric resistivity tomography

EQIP:

Environmental Quality Incentive Program

GIM:

Green India Mission

GIS:

Geographic Information Systems

GNSS:

Global Navigation Satellite System

GP:

Genetic programming

IMU:

Inertial measurement unit

IoT:

Internet of Things

LP:

Landsat program

LULC:

Land use and land cover

MBES:

Multibeam echo sounding

MMCR:

Minor mineral concession rules

NASA:

National Aeronautics and Space Administration

NAPCC:

National Action Plan on Climate Change

NCPN:

Northern Colorado Plateau Network

NRCD:

National River Conservation Directorate

NWM:

National Water Mission

PES:

Payment for ecosystem services

OSWPs:

Off-stream watering points

QBR:

Qualitat del Bosc de Ribera

RAPID:

Riparian aerial photographic inventory of disturbance

RARC:

Rapid appraisal of riparian condition

RBS:

Riparian buffer strips

RipZET:

Riparian Zone Estimator Tool

RS:

Remote sensing

RSQI:

Riparian Strip Quality Index

SCPN:

Southern Colorado Plateau Network

SDG:

Sustainable development goal

SERCON:

System for evaluating rivers for conservation

TLS:

Terrestrial laser scanning

TRAC:

Tropical rapid appraisal of riparian condition

UAV:

Unmanned aerial vehicle

UNESCO MAB:

United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization Man and Biosphere Programme

USGA:

United States Geological Survey

USV:

Unmanned surface vehicles

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    Aditi Majumdar & Kirti Avishek

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Majumdar, A., Avishek, K. Riparian Zone Assessment and Management: an Integrated Review Using Geospatial Technology. Water Air Soil Pollut 234, 319 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-023-06329-1

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