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Baiting Insects with Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids (PAs): A Fieldwork-Oriented Review and Guide to PA-Pharmacophagy
Since 1890, many observations of danaine butterflies visiting dry plants of several families in the Old and New World tropics have been published....
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LC–MS/MS analysis of pyrrolizidine alkaloids in bee bread and commercial pollen from Brazil
Beehive products, particularly pollen, are among the foodstuffs that may contain pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs), prompting concern due to their...
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Pyrrolizidine alkaloids are synthesized and accumulated in flower of Myosotis scorpioides
Pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs) are specialized metabolites that are produced by various plant families that act as defense compounds against...
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Determination of Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids in Plants, Pollen, and Honey by LC-ESI-MS/MS
This chapter presents a diluted-and-shot sample preparation approach for honey and solid-liquid extraction for pollen and bee plant samples to...
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A sensitive LC–MS/MS method for isomer separation and quantitative determination of 51 pyrrolizidine alkaloids and two tropane alkaloids in cow’s milk
1,2-Unsaturated pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PA), their corresponding N -oxides (PANO), and tropane alkaloids (TA) are toxic secondary plant metabolites....
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High abundance of pyrrolizidine alkaloids in bee pollen collected in July 2019 from Southern Germany
Pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PA) are secondary plant defense compounds and known pre-toxins when containing a 1,2-double bond. They are commonly produced...
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Targeting erythrocyte-mediated hypoxia to alleviate lung injury induced by pyrrolizidine alkaloids
Pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs) are widely distributed natural toxins and have been extensively studied for their hepatotoxicity. However, PA-induced...
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Hyperoside attenuates pyrrolizidine alkaloids-induced liver injury by ameliorating TFEB-mediated mitochondrial dysfunction
Pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs) are potent hepatotoxins that can cause liver damage. Hyperoside (Hyp), a natural flavonoid, can be extracted from...
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Bioassay-directed analysis-based identification of relevant pyrrolizidine alkaloids
Pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs) are produced by various plant species and have been detected as contaminants in food and feed. Monitoring programmes...
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Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids in Herbal Medicines and Food: A Public Health Issue
Toxic pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs) have recently been found in herbal medicines and common foods and are a public health issue because their...
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Genotoxicity of pyrrolizidine alkaloids in metabolically inactive human cervical cancer HeLa cells co-cultured with human hepatoma HepG2 cells
Pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs) are secondary plant metabolites, which can be found as contaminant in various foods and herbal products. Several PAs...
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OCT1-dependent uptake of structurally diverse pyrrolizidine alkaloids in human liver cells is crucial for their genotoxic and cytotoxic effects
Pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs) are important plant hepatotoxins, which occur as contaminants in plant-based foods, feeds and phytomedicines. Numerous...
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Recent advances on the synthesis of natural pyrrolizidine alkaloids: alexine, and its stereoisomers
Natural products have attracted the interest of the scientific community due to their importance and application. Alexine is a naturally...
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Gut microbiota-derived tryptophan metabolites alleviate liver injury via AhR/Nrf2 activation in pyrrolizidine alkaloids-induced sinusoidal obstruction syndrome
Background and aimsHepatic sinusoidal obstruction syndrome (HSOS) is caused by toxic injury, such as pyrrolizidine alkaloids, to the liver sinusoidal...
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Potency ranking of pyrrolizidine alkaloids in metabolically competent human liver cancer cells and primary human hepatocytes using a genotoxicity test battery
Pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs) occur as contaminants in plant-based foods and herbal medicines. Following metabolic activation by cytochrome P450...
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Alkaloids in food: a review of toxicity, analytical methods, occurrence and risk assessments
Alkaloids have been utilized by humans for years. They have diverse applications in pharmaceuticals. They have been proven to be effective in...
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Important Contaminants (Mycotoxins, Pesticide Residues, Pirolizidine Alkaloids) in Pollen
Bee pollen is a natural apicultural product that is becoming popular among health-conscious consumers due to its wide variety of nutrients and...
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Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids from Pardoglossum cheirifolium
The ethanolic extract derived from the whole plant of Pardoglossum cheirifolium was submitted to phytochemical investigation. A new pyrrolizidine...
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Synthesis of pyrrolizidine derivatives (microreview)
The review summarizes the methods of synthesis of pyrrolizidine (hexahydro-1 H -pyrrolizine) derivatives published in the literature over the past five...
