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Cholinergic signaling influences the expression of immune checkpoint inhibitors, PD-L1 and PD-L2, and tumor hallmarks in human colorectal cancer tissues and cell lines
BackgroundCancer cells express immunosuppressive molecules, such as programmed death ligands (PD-L)1 and PD-L2, enabling evasion from the host’s...
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Tumor-specific cholinergic CD4+ T lymphocytes guide immunosurveillance of hepatocellular carcinoma
Cholinergic nerves are involved in tumor progression and dissemination. In contrast to other visceral tissues, cholinergic innervation in the hepatic...
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Chronic Immune System Activation
This chapter presents various possibilities for chronic activation of the immune system as a result of trauma-related brain changes. In order to...
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The brain-liver cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway and viral infections
Efferent cholinergic signaling is a critical and targetable source of immunoregulation. The vagus nerve (VN) is the primary source of cholinergic...
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Vitamin B12 produced by gut bacteria modulates cholinergic signalling
A growing body of evidence indicates that gut microbiota influence brain function and behaviour. However, the molecular basis of how gut bacteria...
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α7 Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor: a key receptor in the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway exerting an antidepressant effect
Depression is a common mental illness, which is related to monoamine neurotransmitters and the dysfunction of the cholinergic, immune, glutamatergic,...
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Chronic neuroinflammation during aging leads to cholinergic neurodegeneration in the mouse medial septum
BackgroundLow-grade, chronic inflammation in the central nervous system characterized by glial reactivity is one of the major hallmarks for...
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The crosstalk between enteric nervous system and immune system in intestinal development, homeostasis and diseases
The gut is the largest digestive and absorptive organ, which is essential for induction of mucosal and systemic immune responses, and maintenance of...
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Cholinergic signaling via the α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor regulates the migration of monocyte-derived macrophages during acute inflammation
BackgroundThe involvement of the autonomic nervous system in the regulation of inflammation is an emerging concept with significant potential for...
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Cholinergic neurons trigger epithelial Ca2+ currents to heal the gut
A fundamental and unresolved question in regenerative biology is how tissues return to homeostasis after injury. Answering this question is essential...
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Ivermectin increases striatal cholinergic activity to facilitate dopamine terminal function
Ivermectin (IVM) is a commonly prescribed antiparasitic treatment with pharmacological effects on invertebrate glutamate ion channels resulting in...
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PTSD, Immune System, and Inflammation
Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a severe trauma and stress-related disorder associated with different somatic comorbidities, especially...
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Basal forebrain cholinergic signalling: development, connectivity and roles in cognition
Acetylcholine plays an essential role in fundamental aspects of cognition. Studies that have mapped the activity and functional connectivity of...
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Cholinergic dysfunction in COVID-19: frantic search and ho** for the best
A novel coronavirus known as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a potential cause of acute respiratory infection...
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Cholinergic control of Th17 cell pathogenicity in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis
Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) is a mouse model of multiple sclerosis (MS) in which Th17 cells have a crucial but unclear function....
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Optogenetic stimulation of basal forebrain cholinergic neurons prevents neuroinflammation and neuropsychiatric manifestations in pristane induced lupus mice
BackgroundNeuroinflammation has been identified as one of the primary pathogenic factors of neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus (NPSLE)....
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The Role of α7nAChR-Mediated Cholinergic Anti-inflammatory Pathway in Immune Cells
Alpha 7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7nAChR) is widely distributed in the nervous and non-cholinergic immune systems. It is necessary for the...
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Human airway tuft cells influence the mucociliary clearance through cholinergic signalling
BackgroundAirway tuft cells, formerly called brush cells have long been described only morphologically in human airways. More recent RNAseq studies...
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M1 cholinergic signaling in the brain modulates cytokine levels and splenic cell sub-phenotypes following cecal ligation and puncture
BackgroundThe contribution of the central nervous system to sepsis pathobiology is incompletely understood. In previous studies, administration of...
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Opioids and the Immune System
Opioids have multiple effects on the immune system (IS). Experimentally, the effects of opioid administration range from a severe inhibition to...