Abstract
This chapter presents various possibilities for chronic activation of the immune system as a result of trauma-related brain changes. In order to transfer the central nervous system trauma sequelae to the periphery in the direction of the immune system, there are four essential links between the brain and the immune system. Direct links (No. 1) are neuronal and hormonal systems that influence the immune system directly from the brain. With indirect links (No. 2), the brain uses hormones and neuronal pathways of other tissues and organs in the body to indirectly trigger chronic immune system activation. An example of another organ system is the adipose tissue. Extracorporeal links (No. 3) are risk-related environmental factors that are promoted by the brain when they come into contact with the body. These environmental factors trigger chronic immune system activation. Pleiotropic links (No. 4) are risk-related genetic variants that, on the one hand, adversely promote sequelae of trauma in the brain and, on the other hand, trigger activation completely independently of the brain in immune cells. All four links can be involved in chronic immune system activation.
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Straub, R.H. (2023). Chronic Immune System Activation. In: Early Trauma as the Origin of Chronic Inflammation. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-66751-4_4
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