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Refractory Celiac Disease
This book is about recurring celiac disease, its diagnosis and management. It starts by discussing the pathogenesis of refractory celiac disease and...
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Differences Between Patients with Heartburn Refractory to Vonoprazan and Those Refractory to Proton Pump Inhibitors
BackgroundVonoprazan, a potassium-competitive acid blocker, demonstrates more potent acid inhibition than proton pump inhibitors (PPIs). This study...
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Electroconvulsive Therapy in Refractory and Super-Refractory Status Epilepticus in Adults: A Sco** Review
BackgroundElectroconvulsive therapy (ECT) has been suggested as a treatment option for refractory status epilepticus (RSE) and super-refractory...
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Refractory corticotroph adenomas
The majority of corticotroph adenomas are benign but some are locally invasive, demonstrate high rates of recurrence, and exhibit a relatively poor...
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How much refractory is ‘refractory status epilepticus’? A retrospective study of treatment strategies and clinical outcomes
Background and purposeThis study aimed to evaluate whether differences in clinical outcomes exist according to treatments received and seizure...
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Definition of refractory melasma and its treatment: a review
Although patients with refractory melasma have been treated using various methods, there is still no precise definition or summary of the therapies....
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Epilepsy surgery in pediatric refractory status epilepticus
The mainstay of status epilepticus (SE) treatment is pharmacotherapy with anti-seizure medications (ASM). In refractory status epilepticus (RSE),...
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Vasopressin in newborns with refractory acute pulmonary hypertension
BackgroundAcute pulmonary hypertension (aPH) in newborns can be life threatening and challenging to manage. In newborns with refractory aPH, there is...
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Diagnostic value of antibody concentration ratio for treatment-refractory myasthenia gravis
ObjectiveThis study aimed to assess the diagnostic potential of the Antibody concentration ratio in identifying treatment-refractory myasthenia...
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Ocular syphilis masquerading as refractory retinal diseases
PurposeTo report two cases of syphilis masquerading as chronic refractory macular diseases.
Case descriptionsTwo patients had been diagnosed with...
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Refractory somatotroph adenomas
Somatotroph adenomas are usually controlled with standard therapy, which can include surgery, medical treatment and radiotherapy. Some tumors have a...
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Medical therapy for refractory pituitary adenomas
IntroductionRefractory pituitary adenomas are those that have progressed following standard of care treatments. Medical therapy options for these...
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Clinicopathological Nomogram for Predicting Platinum-Resistant/Refractory Epithelial Ovarian Cancer
ObjectiveTo construct a nomogram of individual risks from exploratory clinicopathological features associated with platinum-resistant/refractory...
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Refractory nonfunctioning pituitary adenomas
Non-functioning pituitary adenomas (NFPAs) comprise silent tumors of different pituitary lineages that tend to escape early detection and present as...
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Platelet count as a potential predictor in refractory Takayasu arteritis
Platelet parameters have been recognized as important markers for disease severity in various types of diseases. The aim of our study was to...
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Intrathecal morphine delivery at prepontine cistern to control refractory cancer-related pain: a case report of extensive metastatic and refractory cancer pain
BackgroundExtensive metastatic and refractory cancer pain is common, and exhibits a dissatisfactory response to the conventional intrathecal infusion...
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The 4th NextGen therapies for SJIA and MAS: part 2 phenotypes of refractory SJIA and the landscape for clinical trials in refractory SJIA
Although the introduction of the IL-1 and IL-6 inhibiting biologics in 2012 has revolutionized the treatment and markedly improved outcomes for many...
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Refractory Hepatic Hydrothorax Is an Independent Predictor of Mortality When Compared to Refractory Ascites
BackgroundHepatic hydrothorax (HHT) is an uncommon but significant complication of cirrhosis and portal hypertension, associated with a worse...
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Refractory Rickets
Nutritional rickets, caused by vitamin D and/or calcium deficiency is by far the most common cause of rickets. In resource-limited settings, it is...
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Genome-wide loss of heterozygosity predicts aggressive, treatment-refractory behavior in pituitary neuroendocrine tumors
Pituitary neuroendocrine tumors (PitNETs) exhibiting aggressive, treatment-refractory behavior are the rare subset that progress after surgery,...
