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The role of intraoperative neuromonitoring in pygopagus separation: two-institution experience in Indonesia
IntroductionPygopagus comprises 17% of all conjoined twin cases. Survival rate is higher compared to other variations of conjoined twins, but...
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Separation of conjoined spinal cords in symmetrical pygopagus twins using intraoperative neuromonitoring: pearls and pitfalls
Pygopagus twin is a rare congenital malformation with a worldwide incidence of 1in 200,000. Few literature reports are published regarding the...
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Parasitic pygopagus conjoined twins’ incidental findings in the obstructed labor of an intrapartum dead baby that had undergone emergency C-section: rare case report in South Papua
BackgroundConjoined twins (CT), which used to be historically defined as “monstrous human” and previously so-called Siamese twins in the early...
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Successful separation of male pygopagus with anal canal and urethral reconstruction: a case report
BackgroundPygopagus is a type of conjoined twin binding at the buttocks. Some cases of pygopagus involve the fusion of the gastrointestinal tract,...
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Successful anesthetic management of separation surgery for pygopagus conjoined twins: a case report
BackgroundConjoined twins are an extremely rare congenital occurrence, and anesthetic management for surgical separation presents unique challenges...
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Postnatal imaging of conjoined twins: a customized multimodality approach
Medical imaging plays a crucial role in the management of conjoined twins. The role of imaging is to explore the anatomy, outline the shared organs...
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Heteropagus twins: six cases with systematic review and embryological insights
PurposeHeteropagus twinning (HT) is a rare anomaly. Six new cases along with a systematic review are described.
MethodsSix cases of HT managed at...
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Conjoined Twins: Unicephalus Non-Janiceps Tetrapus Tetrabrachius
Conjoined twins are an uncommon type of monoamniotic twins with an incidence of about 1.5 per 100,000 births worldwide. Non-janiceps is the extremely...
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Emergency caesarean section in a patient with pygomelia: a curious tale of a misidentified “tail”—a case report
BackgroundPolymelia or congenital duplication of the lower limb is a rare occurrence. This congenital duplication when occurring in the region of the...
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Prenatal diagnosis of non-janiceps type of cephalopagus conjoined twins: a case report
BackgroundConjoined twin pregnancy is a very rare variety of twin pregnancy which results from the failure of complete separation of a zygote after...
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Antenatal diagnosis of thoracopagus and thoraco-omphalopagus conjoined twins: case series
BackgroundConjoined twin pregnancy is a rare variety, which occurs due to incomplete separation of the embryonic plate after 13 days. Each type of...
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Conjoined twins in dichorionic diamniotic triplet pregnancy: a report of three cases and literature review
BackgroundConjoined twins are a rare and serious complication of monochorionic twins. The total incidence is 1.5 per 100,000 births, and about 50%...
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Successful dilation and evacuation for second trimester conjoined twin: a case report and review of the literature
BackgroundConjoined twins are a rare clinical event occurring in about 1 per 250,000 live births. Though the prognosis of conjoined twins is...
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Craniopagus parasiticus: successful separation of a 28-week preterm newborn from parasite sibling twin bearing lethal congenital anomalies associated to Cantrell’s pentad and sirenomelia—case-based review of the literature
PurposeThis paper reviews the plausible etiological mechanisms, clinical features, preoperative analysis, and documented modern-day craniopagus...
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Conjoined twins: an obstetrician’s guide to prenatal care and delivery management
ObjectiveObstetricians infrequently encounter conjoined twins. Much of the clinical care literature focuses on postnatal management from a...
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Diprosopus: a review of the aetiology and case report of early surgery in a 7-week-old infant with partial facial duplication
Diprosopus is a rare craniofacial anomaly and is considered a subgroup of conjoined twinning. It encompasses a broad spectrum of duplications from...
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Surgical management of pygopagus conjoined twins with spinal bifida
PurposeConjoined twins are a rare complication of 9 monozygotic twins and are associated with high perinatal mortality. Pygopagus are one of the rare...
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Parasitic twin—a supernumerary limb associated with spinal malformations. A case report
We describe a case of rachipagus parasitic twin with spinal cord malformations (lipomyelomeningocele and tethered cord) in a 7-month-old Ethiopian...
