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Questioning Glutamate Excitotoxicity in Acute Brain Damage: The Importance of Spreading Depolarization
BackgroundWithin 2 min of severe ischemia, spreading depolarization (SD) propagates like a wave through compromised gray matter of the higher brain....
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Cerebral blood flow abnormalities with central sparing on arterial spin labeling in mild encephalopathy associated with excitotoxicity: a case report
BackgroundAcute encephalopathy with biphasic seizures and late reduced diffusion (AESD) and mild encephalopathy associated with excitotoxicity (MEEX)...
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Amburana cearensis seed extract stimulates astrocyte glutamate homeostatic mechanisms in hippocampal brain slices and protects oligodendrocytes against ischemia
BackgroundStroke is a leading cause of death and disability worldwide. A major factor in brain damage following ischemia is excitotoxicity caused by...
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Cystine/glutamate antiporter System xc- deficiency impairs insulin secretion in mice
Aims/hypothesisGlutamate-induced cytotoxicity (excitotoxicity) has been detected in pancreatic beta cells. The cystine/glutamate antiporter System x c
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Electroacupuncture modulates glutamate neurotransmission to alleviate PTSD-like behaviors in a PTSD animal model
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a mental disorder that develops after exposure to a traumatic event. Owing to the relatively low rates of...
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Neuroprotective and neuroregenerative drugs after severe traumatic brain injury
Traumatic brain injuries cause enormous individual and socioeconomic burdens. Survivors frequently struggle with motor handicaps as well as impaired...
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Spinal astrocyte dysfunction drives motor neuron loss in late-onset spinal muscular atrophy
Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is a progressive neuromuscular disorder caused by a loss of the survival of motor neuron 1 ( SMN1 ) gene, resulting in a...
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Bilirubin metabolism: delving into the cellular and molecular mechanisms to predict complications
Bilirubin is a metabolic product of heme, and an increase in its level may be toxic to the body. It may be conjugated or unconjugated. Encephalopathy...
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Biomolecular mechanisms of epileptic seizures and epilepsy: a review
Epilepsy is a recurring neurological disease caused by the abnormal electrical activity in the brain. This disease has caused about 50 new cases in...
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Genes to treat excitotoxicity ameliorate the symptoms of the disease in mice models of multiple system atrophy
Multiple system atrophy (MSA) is a sporadic neurodegenerative disorder characterized by striatonigral degeneration and olivopontocerebellar atrophy....
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Protection against stroke with glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists: a comprehensive review of potential mechanisms
Several randomized controlled trials have demonstrated the benefits of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) on ischemic stroke in...
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Signaling pathways involved in ischemic stroke: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic interventions
Ischemic stroke is caused primarily by an interruption in cerebral blood flow, which induces severe neural injuries, and is one of the leading causes...
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Astrocyte dysregulation as an epileptogenic factor: a systematic review
BackgroundEpilepsy initiation involves multifactorial etiologies, including genetic susceptibility, structural anomalies, and glial cell...
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Intraventricular hemorrhage induces inflammatory brain damage with blood–brain barrier dysfunction in immature rats
BackgroundWe aimed to characterize a preclinical model of intraventricular hemorrhage-induced brain damage (IVH-BD) in extremely low birth weight...
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Research progress on oxidative stress regulating different types of neuronal death caused by epileptic seizures
Clinical and experimental data hints that prolonged and repeated epileptic seizures can lead to molecular, biochemical, metabolic, and structural...
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Regulation of Keap1-Nrf2 axis in temporal lobe epilepsy—hippocampal sclerosis patients may limit the seizure outcomes
BackgroundAccumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) exacerbates neuronal loss during seizure-induced excitotoxicity. Keap1 (Kelch-like...
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Pharmacological Characterization of [18F]-FNM and Evaluation of NMDA Receptors Activation in a Rat Brain Injury Model
PurposeNMDA receptors (NMDARs) dysfunction plays a central role in the physiopathology of psychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders whose...
