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Meta-analysis reveals that vertebrates enhance plant litter decomposition at the global scale
Evidence is mounting that vertebrate defaunation greatly impacts global biogeochemical cycling. Yet, there is no comprehensive assessment of the...
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Colonization of the ocean floor by jawless vertebrates across three mass extinctions
BackgroundThe deep (> 200 m) ocean floor is often considered to be a refugium of biodiversity; many benthic marine animals appear to share ancient...
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Evolution of Viruses in Immunized Populations of Vertebrates
AbstractScientists have described thousands of species of viruses, many of which are pathogens of vertebrates. Given that vertebrates have their...
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Melanopsin-mediated optical entrainment regulates circadian rhythms in vertebrates
Melanopsin (OPN4) is a light-sensitive protein that plays a vital role in the regulation of circadian rhythms and other nonvisual functions. Current...
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Structure and Properties of the Glomerular Filtration Barrier in Vertebrates: Role of a Charge in Protein Filtration
AbstractThe renal glomerulus is a unique structure that distinguishes the nephrons of vertebrates from the nephridia of invertebrate...
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Ascidian embryonic cells with properties of neural-crest cells and neuromesodermal progenitors of vertebrates
Neural-crest cells and neuromesodermal progenitors (NMPs) are multipotent cells that are important for development of vertebrate embryos. In embryos...
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Molecular evolution of the hemoglobin gene family across vertebrates
Adaptation to various altitudes and oxygen levels is a major aspect of vertebrate evolution. Hemoglobin is an erythrocyte protein belonging to the...
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Evolutionary analysis of swimming speed in early vertebrates challenges the ‘New Head Hypothesis’
The ecological context of early vertebrate evolution is envisaged as a long-term trend towards increasingly active food acquisition and enhanced...
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Evolution of tissue-specific expression of ancestral genes across vertebrates and insects
Regulation of gene expression is arguably the main mechanism underlying the phenotypic diversity of tissues within and between species. Here we...
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Conservatism and Variability of the Antioxidant Defense System in the Retinal Pigment Epithelium of Vertebrates
AbstractDuring evolution and adaptation to life conditions, organisms have developed the strategies allowing them to use reactive oxygen species...
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Evolutionary Reconstruction of MT-RNR2 Gene Demonstrates a Diverse Compositional Landscape of Humanin in Vertebrates
AbstractHumanin (HN) is a mitochondrial peptide that is encoded by the MT-RNR2 gene and can be composed of either 21 or 24 amino acids (aa),...
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Biological Defense II: The Immune Systems of Vertebrates
Vertebrates have two more complex and efficient defense systems than the ones described in the previous chapter. The most sophisticated is the...
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Comparative 3D genome architecture in vertebrates
BackgroundThe three-dimensional (3D) architecture of the genome has a highly ordered and hierarchical nature, which influences the regulation of...
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Half-millennium evidence suggests that extinction debts of global vertebrates started in the Second Industrial Revolution
Extinction debt describes the time-lagged process of species extinction, which usually requires dozens to hundreds of years to be paid off. However,...
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Vertebrates and flying insects provide biocontrol services to Australian urban food gardens
Biocontrol by wild insects and other organisms is an important service provided to agriculture, but few studies have linked the role of this service...
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Molecular evolution of hatching enzymes and their paralogous genes in vertebrates
BackgroundHatching is identified as one of the most important events in the reproduction of oviparous vertebrates. The genes for hatching enzymes,...
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Seed and seedling predation by vertebrates mediates the effects of adult trees in two temperate tree species
Specialised natural enemies can locally suppress seeds and seedlings near conspecific adults more than far from them. Whilst this is thought to...
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The impact of marine vertebrates on polar terrestrial invertebrate communities
Marine birds and pinnipeds which come to land to breed, rest and moult are widely known to fertilize adjacent terrestrial ecosystems, with cascading...
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A comparative methylome analysis reveals conservation and divergence of DNA methylation patterns and functions in vertebrates
BackgroundCytosine DNA methylation is a heritable epigenetic mark present in most eukaryotic groups. While the patterns and functions of DNA...
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Development and validation of a universal primer pair for the taxonomic and phylogenetic studies of vertebrates
BackgroundRecent studies in the field of molecular identification have described 16S rRNA gene as a highly informative fragment of mitochondrial DNA...
