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Evolution of Viruses in Immunized Populations of Vertebrates

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Abstract

Scientists have described thousands of species of viruses, many of which are pathogens of vertebrates. Given that vertebrates have their highly sophisticated adaptive immune systems capable of memorizing pathogens, interaction with such systems should theoretically be one of the most important factors influencing the evolution of viruses. The review focuses on how acquired immunity (infection-induced and vaccine-induced) affects the most important medical characteristics of viral pathogens—transmissibility, infectivity, and virulence. Both known real examples of the evolution of viruses in immunized populations and theoretical articles and the results of mathematical modeling are considered. Special attention is paid to the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. Methodological recommendations are given for creating vaccines and conducting vaccination campaigns in the light of the raised evolutionary issues.

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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

The author thanks S.S. Zhukova for organizing a research seminar conducted by the author on the topic of this review, which formed the basis of this text. The author also expresses gratitude to M.E. Goltsman for his recommendation to write this review based on seminar materials and for a number of clarifications on the technical design of the manuscript, as well as for valuable comments on the section on modeling the evolution of viruses. Finally, the author thanks G.A. Bazykin, who read the full text of the manuscript, for valuable comments that helped improve the article.

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This work was supported by ongoing institutional funding. No additional grants to carry out or direct this particular research were obtained.

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    P. L. Panchenko

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Panchenko, P.L. Evolution of Viruses in Immunized Populations of Vertebrates. Biol Bull Rev 14, 43–59 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1134/S2079086424010079

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