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Axis Deer Axis axis (Erxleben, 1777)
The earliest known fossils of Axis are dated to the late Miocene in China. The axis deer is usually considered monotypic (Fig. 1). The monophyly of...
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Highly conserved and extremely evolvable: BMP signalling in secondary axis patterning of Cnidaria and Bilateria
Bilateria encompass the vast majority of the animal phyla. As the name states, they are bilaterally symmetric, that is with a morphologically clear...
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Pesticide exposure and the microbiota-gut-brain axis
The gut microbiota exist within a dynamic ecosystem shaped by various factors that includes exposure to xenobiotics such as pesticides. It is widely...
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The Main Directions of Mammalian Evolution
AbstractModern views on the origin and early evolution of mammals are presented. The material accumulated by the author on the morphology of modern...
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The LKB1–TSSK1B axis controls YAP phosphorylation to regulate the Hippo–YAP pathway
The Hippo pathway’s main effector, Yes-associated protein (YAP), plays a crucial role in tumorigenesis as a transcriptional coactivator. YAP’s...
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Microbiota and Gut–Liver Axis: An Unbreakable Bond?
The gut microbiota, amounting to approximately 100 trillion (10 14 ) microbes represents a genetic repertoire that is bigger than the human genome...
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Gypenoside A Protects Human Myocardial Cells from Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury via the circ_0010729/miR-370-3p/RUNX1 Axis
AbstractIschemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury is one of the major causes of cardiovascular disease. Gypenoside A (GP), the main active component of Gynost...
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Patterns in Body Size
We discuss several patterns and processes related to body size variation in this chapter. Body size is one of the most important macroecological...
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Naïve chicks do not prefer objects with stable body orientation, though they may prefer behavioural variability
Domestic chicks ( Gallus gallus domesticus ) have been widely used as a model to study the motion cues that allow visually naïve organisms to detect...
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Evolution of Equid Body Size
Body size plays a central role in the biology, physiology, and ecology of organisms. It further represents a main characteristic of the evolutionary...
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The TRIM21-FOXD1-BCL-2 axis underlies hyperglycaemic cell death and diabetic tissue damage
Chronic hyperglycaemia is a devastating factor that causes diabetes-induced damage to the retina and kidney. However, the precise mechanism by which...
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Modeling of the brain-lung axis using organoids in traumatic brain injury: an updated review
Clinical outcome after traumatic brain injury (TBI) is closely associated conditions of other organs, especially lungs as well as degree of brain...
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State of the art in research on the gut-liver and gut-brain axis in poultry
The relationship between the intestines and their microbiota, the liver, and the neuronal system is called the gut-liver-brain axis. This...
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PNPO–PLP axis senses prolonged hypoxia in macrophages by regulating lysosomal activity
Oxygen is critical for all metazoan organisms on the earth and impacts various biological processes in physiological and pathological conditions....
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Trauma-associated extracellular histones mediate inflammation via a MYD88-IRAK1-ERK signaling axis and induce lytic cell death in human adipocytes
Despite advances in the treatment and care of severe physical injuries, trauma remains one of the main reasons for disability-adjusted life years...
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LINC00330/CCL2 axis-mediated ESCC TAM reprogramming affects tumor progression
BackgroundTumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) significantly influence the progression, metastasis, and recurrence of esophageal squamous cell...
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A novel microRNA-182/Interleukin-8 regulatory axis controls osteolytic bone metastasis of lung cancer
Bone metastasis is one of the main complications of lung cancer and most important factors that lead to poor life quality and low survival rate in...
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Exploring the Unexplored Arena: Butyrate as a Dual Communicator in Gut–Brain Axis
It has been thought lately that gut microbiota plays a predominant role in the neuronal behavior via the gut–brain alliance. The plausible mechanisms...
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The role of mitochondrial/metabolic axis in development of tamoxifen resistance in breast cancer
Only a few investigations, to our knowledge, have examined the bioenergetics of Tamoxifen (TMX) resistant individuals and reported altered...
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Clostridium butyricum inhibits the inflammation in children with primary nephrotic syndrome by regulating Th17/Tregs balance via gut-kidney axis
BackgroundPrimary nephrotic syndrome (PNS) is a common glomerular disease in children. Clostridium butyricum ( C. butyricum), a probiotic producing...
