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Prospects of Non-Market Economy Treatment
WTO Members’ special commitments on NME treatment provide for the explicit and robust legal basis for NME treatment to be applied in relation to them.
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Fairness and Equal Treatment
This chapter is devoted to exploring the issues of fairness and equal treatment in connection with algorithmic decision-making systems. It presents...
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Rationality and Legality of Non-market Economy Treatment in Antidum** Law Novel Perspectives on the Changed Legal Environment
This book serves as a comprehensive study of and provides rich insight into non-market economy treatment, including its past, present, and estimated...
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The Changing International Legal Environment Regarding Non-Market Economy Treatment
Provisions on NME treatment in WTO Members’ accession legal documents are transitional, i.e. they will expire upon the satisfaction of agreed...
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Pre-WTO Era Evolution of Non-Market Economy Treatment Rules and Practices
Within the current AD legal regime, a most notable protectionist mechanism is the NME treatment, which is also considered to be one of the most...
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Trade Treatment in International Economic Relations
International economic relations are primarily characterized by inter-State economic transactions.
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Europe Towards a Pan-European Treatment Contract
The pan-European treatment contract shall be a legal instrument of approximation and unification of national law of European countries and EU-law....
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COVID-19 Treatment Refusal: Medical Liability Insurance in Greece in Light of the Oviedo Convention
Amidst the Covid-19 pandemic, an increase has been observed in patients refusing medical treatment, hospitalisation and especially intubation, which...
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Emergency Medical Treatment and Labor Act (EMTALA)
The Emergency Medical Treatment and Labor Act (EMTALA) prohibits emergency departments from refusing care to patients with emergency medical...
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WTO Era Non-Market Economy Treatment Rules and Practices
The Uruguay round multilateral trade negotiations (1986–1994) dealt with a broad range of trade issues, resulting in a series of multilateral and...
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Recent case law on equal treatment of agency workers: broad interpretation of a limited concept?
Directive 2008/104/EC calls for the equal treatment of agency workers and directly employed staff at the user company. This article focuses on the...
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Differential Treatment for Develo** Countries as a Manifestation of Solidarity: Overcoming New Challenges by Going Back to the Basics
Differential treatment favouring develo** countries is an important manifestation of solidarity. However, granting differential treatment to...
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Discontinuation of Adequate Opioid Agonist Treatment in Prison: A Violation of Human Rights
Several examples from Germany indicate that the provision of opioid agonist treatment (OAT) to people living in prisons is rather fragementary. As...
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Equal Treatment at the Workplace: Do Economic Freedoms Scream Louder Than Fundamental Rights?
This research aims to examine whether the principle of equal treatment at the workplace, and more specifically the interpretation suggested by...
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MaaS Differentiated Treatment Conducts Under the EU Competition Law and Beyond
A MaaS platform operator, like as for any digital platform, corrects information asymmetries between transport suppliers and consumers by reducing...
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Application of Swiss law and influence of Swiss protection of legal personality in international sport: a necessity to ensure equality of treatment among competitors?
Sports law and Swiss law are closely connected. It is at first quite complex to perceive the real implications of Swiss law, in which way it applies...
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The National Treatment Obligation: Law and Practice of Investment Treaties
National treatment is an important standard of treatment under international investment agreements today. Investment tribunals have clarified the...
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Third Country Relations and the Equivalence Regime: Treatment of Collective Investment Schemes
European legislation on investment funds does not provide for a single coherent third country regime. The UCITS Directive 1985, as one of the...
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The Standard of Most-Favored-Nation Treatment in Investor-State Dispute Settlement Practice
Based on perceived national interests, States may discriminate among investors. Most-favored-nation (MFN) treatment seeks to mitigate the effects of...
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The ‘Minimum Standard of Treatment’ in International Investment Law: The Story of the Emergence, the Decline and the Recent Resurrection of a Concept
The ‘minimum standard of treatment’ (MST) provides an apposite case study of a transformation of an international legal concept: its emergence, its...