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Fresh Water on the Earth
This chapter tells about freshwater on the Earth’s surface. First, we consider the formation of groundwater and the general features of hydrological...
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The Ocean
In this chapter, we discuss the physical phenomena related to the existence of the Ocean on the Earth’s surface. The chemical composition and mass of...
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Modelled response of Arctic and North Atlantic thermohaline structure and circulation to the prolonged unidirectional atmospheric forcing over the Arctic Ocean
In this model study, we address the probability of rapid reorganization of thermohaline structure and circulation in the Arctic (AO) and North...
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Gravity Field and Figure of the Earth
The shape of the Earth has always been a question of importance to humanity, with philosophical and religious aspects as well as practical ones,...
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A novel model of the carbon cycle in the Cambrian ocean
The classic model of the carbon cycle suggests that the extensive burial of 12 C-enriched organic carbon leads to a positive carbon isotope ( δ 13 C)...
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Ocean Forcing and the Surface Mixed Layer
The ocean is forced by radiation from and to the atmosphere, fluxes across the air-sea interface, and by freshwater input from precipitation and...
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Energy From the Ocean
Technology has developed tremendously in the last few decades and the quality of lifestyle is improving day by day. Most of the gadgets, we are using...
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Further into the Ocean
Regional oceanography is presented in this part by focusing on the European semi-enclosed seas, among them the Black Sea, the Marmara Sea, the...
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From the water sources of the Tibetan Plateau to the ocean: State of nutrients in the Changjiang linked to land use changes and climate variability
Anthropogenic activity is an important driver of changes in the chemistry of nutrients (N, P, and Si) over watersheds at the sub-continental scale...
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Holocene paleoenvironmental change based on diatom records from the continental shelf of the Chukchi Sea in the Arctic Ocean
Diatom assemblages from ARA2B-1A taken in the Chukchi Sea shelf were analyzed to reconstruct paleoenvironmental changes during the last 10 ka BP. The...
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Evaluation of global ocean analysis and forecast system in the Tropical Indian Ocean
In this study, the global ocean analysis and forecast system is evaluated against the observations in the Indian Ocean for the 2017–2018 period. A...
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Hydrographic Characteristics and Oceanic Heat Flux in the Upper Arctic Ocean over the Alpha Ridge Observed by the DTOP Platform in 2018 and 2021
In 2018 and 2021, the Drift-Towing Ocean Profilers (DTOP) provided extensive temperature and salinity data on the upper 120 m ocean through their...
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Rare Earth Elements in Fucus Algae of the Barents Sea
AbstractPatterns of the distribution of rare earth elements (REEs) in natural objects are important geochemical indicators of the state of the...
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Global ocean observations and applications by China’s ocean satellite constellation
Satellite remote sensing data form the basis of ocean observation and applications. China has established a satellite network platform comprising...
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Water Resources in Africa: The Role of Earth Observation Data and Hydrodynamic Modeling to Derive River Discharge
AbstractFor more than a century, river discharge has been measured indirectly through observations of water level and flow velocity, but recently the...
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Spatial Distribution and Seasonal Variation of Hypoxic Zone in the Eastern Equatorial Indian Ocean
The spatial distribution and seasonal variations of the hypoxic zone in the eastern equatorial Indian Ocean were investigated using survey data...
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A one health google earth engine web-GIS application to evaluate and monitor water quality worldwide
The assessment of water quality using satellite remote sensing has gained significant interest in recent years. Earth Observation data and...
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Dynamics of seasonal and interannual variability of the ocean bottom pressure in the Southern Ocean
Seasonal and interannual variability of ocean bottom pressure (OBP) in the Southern Ocean was investigated using Gravity Recovery and Climate...
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Assessing the water quality dynamics in the coastal waters of Kollam (Kerala, India) using Sentinel images
Coastal waters are complex, dynamic, and sensitive, and any change in the system impacts the marine environment and life. Coastal water quality has...
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Comparison of multiple salinity datasets: upper ocean salinity and stratification in the tropical Pacific during the Argo period
Ocean salinity is an important variable that affects the ocean stratification. We compared the salinity and ocean stratification in the tropical...