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Differences in the pupillary responses to evening light between children and adolescents
BackgroundIn the mammalian retina, intrinsically-photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGC) detect light and integrate signals from rods and cones...
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Pupillary responses to differences in luminance, color and set size
The pupil responds to a salient stimulus appearing in the environment, in addition to its modulation by global luminance. These pupillary responses...
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Review on age-related differences in non-visual effects of light: melatonin suppression, circadian phase shift and pupillary light reflex in children to older adults
Physiological effects of light exposure in humans are diverse. Among them, the circadian rhythm phase shift effect in order to maintain a 24-h cycle...
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Intrinsically Photosensitive Retinal Ganglion Cells: Assessment of Their Influence on Pupillary Responses in Primates
Pupillary responses in primates are driven by melanopsin-containing, intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs) that project to the...
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Effects of different light incident angles via a head-mounted device on the magnitude of nocturnal melatonin suppression in healthy young subjects
Bright light is a primary zeitgeber (synchronizer) for the central circadian pacemaker in humans. Recently, head-mounted devices for light therapy...
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Investigations into the anatomical location, physiological function, clinical implications, and significance of the nucleus of Perlia
BackgroundThe article discusses the investigations into the nucleus of Perlia (NP), a spindle-shaped nucleus located in the dorsal aspect of the...
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Pupillary light reflex circuits in the macaque monkey: the preganglionic Edinger–Westphal nucleus
The motor outflow for the pupillary light reflex originates in the preganglionic motoneuron subdivision of the Edinger–Westphal nucleus (EWpg), which...
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Pupillary light reflex circuits in the Macaque Monkey: the olivary pretectal nucleus
The olivary pretectal nucleus is the first central connection in the pupillary light reflex pathway, the circuit that adjusts the diameter of the...
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Pupillometry in the Assessment of Psychoemotional State and Cognitive Functions in Humans
Pupillometry is an investigation method yielding quantitative assessment of pupil diameter. Pupil size is regulated by structures of the autonomic...
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Melatonin Prevents Non-image-Forming Visual System Alterations Induced by Experimental Glaucoma in Rats
Glaucoma is a blindness-causing disease that involves selective damage to retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) and their axons. A subset of RGCs expressing...
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A novel aquaporin-4-associated optic neuritis rat model with severe pathological and functional manifestations
BackgroundOptic neuritis (ON) is a common manifestation of aquaporin-4 (AQP4) antibody seropositive neuromyelitis optica (NMO). The extent of tissue...
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Selective Disruption of Perineuronal Nets in Mice Lacking Crtl1 is Sufficient to Make Fear Memories Susceptible to Erasure
The ability to store, retrieve, and extinguish memories of adverse experiences is an essential skill for animals’ survival. The cellular and...
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Correction to: Effect of simultaneous exposure to extremely short pulses of blue and green light on human pupillary constriction
Following publication of the original article [1], the authors reported that the abstract was missing from this article.
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Inconclusive evidence that breathing shapes pupil dynamics in humans: a systematic review
More than 50 years ago, it was proposed that breathing shapes pupil dynamics. This widespread idea is also the general understanding currently....
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Subadditive responses to extremely short blue and green pulsed light on visual evoked potentials, pupillary constriction and electroretinograms
BackgroundThe simultaneous exposure to blue and green light was reported to result in less melatonin suppression than monochromatic exposure to blue...
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Do green-blocking glasses enhance the nonvisual effects of white polychromatic light?
BackgroundIt is well known that light containing the blue component stimulates the intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs) and...
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Clinically relevant small-molecule promotes nerve repair and visual function recovery
Adult mammalian injured axons regenerate over short-distance in the peripheral nervous system (PNS) while the axons in the central nervous system...
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Autonomic, Immune, Metabolic, and Neuroendocrine Dimensions of Anorexia Nervosa: An Integrative View
Anorexia nervosa (AN) is the psychiatric disorder with the highest mortality rate, whose etiology remains largely unknown. It mainly concerns women...
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Ultrasound of the Nervous System
The nervous system is vast, complex, and impacts all parts of our bodies. Because of our nervous system, we can walk, talk, see, smell, think, laugh,...
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Eye Movement in Neurological Disorders
Eye movements are an important aspect of neurological clinical assessment, as abnormal eye movements can indicate underlying neurological and disease...