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Pattern recognition receptors and their nano-adjuvants for cancer immunotherapy
BackgroundPattern recognition receptors (PRRs) are crucial immune modulators that orchestrate innate and adaptive immune systems for the regulation...
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The contribution of pattern recognition receptor signalling in the development of age related macular degeneration: the role of toll-like-receptors and the NLRP3-inflammasome
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a leading cause of irreversible vision loss, characterised by the dysfunction and death of the...
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Context-dependent functions of pattern recognition receptors in cancer
The immune system plays a critical role in sha** all facets of cancer, from the early initiation stage through to metastatic disease and resistance...
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High production of IL-12 by human dendritic cells stimulated with combinations of pattern-recognition receptor agonists
The cytokine IL-12p70 is crucial for T helper 1 (Th1) polarization and the generation of type 1 immunity required to fight cancer and pathogens....
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Pattern Recognition Receptors: Significance of Expression in the Liver
Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) are a pivotal part of the immune system. They are distributed in almost every site of higher organisms, able to...
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HMGB1 and Toll-like receptors: potential therapeutic targets in autoimmune diseases
HMGB1, a nucleoprotein, is expressed in almost all eukaryotic cells. During cell activation and cell death, HMGB1 can function as an alarm protein...
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Toll-Like Receptors in Pain and Itch
Pattern recognition receptors (PRR) are genetically encoded proteins which recognize a host of highly conserved “danger signals” produced by...
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Recognition and inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 by humoral innate immunity pattern recognition molecules
The humoral arm of innate immunity includes diverse molecules with antibody-like functions, some of which serve as disease severity biomarkers in...
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Toll-like receptor 7 and RIG-I-like receptors expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of naïve patients with hepatitis C
BackgroundThe proper function of Pattern Recognition Receptors (PRRs) as a part of the host immune system can eliminate numerous pathogens from the...
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Roles of pattern recognition receptors in diabetic nephropathy
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is currently the most common complication of diabetes. It is considered to be one of the leading causes of end-stage renal...
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Toll-like Receptors in Health and Disease
The current book is focussed on the Toll-like receptors (TLRs), which are the first pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) discovered in humans. For...
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Innate Immune Pattern Recognition Receptors of Mycobacterium tuberculosis: Nature and Consequences for Pathogenesis of Tuberculosis
Innate immunity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis is a critical early response to prevent the establishment of the infection. Despite recent...
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Evolution of RNA sensing receptors in birds
Birds are important hosts for many RNA viruses, including influenza A virus, Newcastle disease virus, West Nile virus and coronaviruses. Innate...
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The biology of TREM receptors
Triggering receptors expressed on myeloid cells (TREMs) encompass a family of cell-surface receptors chiefly expressed by granulocytes, monocytes and...
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Novel insights into NOD-like receptors in renal diseases
Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptors (NLRs), including NLRAs, NLRBs (also known as NAIPs), NLRCs, and NLRPs, are a major...
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Frizzled receptors (FZDs) in Wnt signaling: potential therapeutic targets for human cancers
Frizzled receptors (FZDs) are key contributors intrinsic to the Wnt signaling pathway, activation of FZDs triggering the Wnt signaling cascade is...
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A Key Transcription Factor Family: Nuclear Receptors
In this chapter, a highly interesting family of ligand-inducible transcription factors, referred to as nuclear receptors, will be presented. Nuclear...
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Exploiting viral sensing mediated by Toll-like receptors to design innovative vaccines
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are transmembrane proteins belonging to the family of pattern-recognition receptors. They function as sensors of invading...
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Fcγ receptors and immunomodulatory antibodies in cancer
The discovery of both cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (CTLA4) and programmed cell death protein 1 (PD1) as negative regulators of...
