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Invasion and Metastasis
This chapter delineates processes, molecules, and interactions contributing to invasion and metastasis, the most defining properties of malignancy....
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Autophagy in Cancer Metastasis
During cancerCancer development, tumour cells are exposed to various intrinsic and extrinsic stresses such as nutrient deficiency, lack of oxygen,...
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Immune Allies to Cancer Metastasis
Tumor dissemination and metastasis are fatal to cancer patients due to its high incidence and mortality. In the metastatic process,...
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Cancer Stem Cells and Metastasis
Metastasis stands to remain as the primary challenge in managing patients outcome. In recent years, research has shifted toward cancer stem cells...
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Animal Models for Bone Metastasis Study
Cancer-mediated death is promoted by the process of metastasis. Often, bone is the preferred site of metastasis. The process of metastasis at the...
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Metastasis and Cachexia
In this chapter, we will understand that malignant primary tumors become dangerous when angiogenesis allows their massive growth and in particular...
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Molecular Mechanisms Driving Bone Metastasis of Cancers
Bone metastasis of cancer is a common process that destroys the balance between osteoclast and osteoblast, causing skeletal-related events. Cancer...
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Regional Onco-Sphere: Lymph Node Metastasis
During cancer metastasis, cancer cells spread by dissemination into nearby normal tissue mostly via two major routes (i) lymph nodes and (ii) blood...
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CXCL12–CXCR4 Axis in Cancer Metastasis
The malignancy that leads to the most fatalities is characterized by metastasis. Due to continually develo** research in the biology of cancer as...
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Introduction on Cancerous Cells and Metastasis
The diffusion of cancer cells from the primary tumor site into a secondary organ of the body is called metastasis. Metastasis is a feature of...
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Distal Onco-sphere: Organotrophic Metastasis
In order for CTCs to find a suitable soil for its growth, CTCs need to assess the distal onco-sphere for suitability in terms of secreted factors,...
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The Role of Exosomes in Tumor Metastasis
Exosomes, extracellular vesicles featuring phospholipid bilayers, play essential roles in cell–cell communication; tumor microenvironment (TME)...
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Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells and Cancer Metastasis
Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are pathologically arisen cells mainly acknowledged for their role in immune suppression. Studies have...
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Liposarcoma Metastasis
Soft tissue sarcomas are rare tumors originating from mesodermal tissues (fat, muscle connective tissue, and vessels). In-depth molecular analysis...
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Distal Onco-sphere: Cluster Metastasis
In order for cancer cells to metastasize, they need to be disseminated from the local onco-sphere. During this process, cancer cells are known as...
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Hypoxia-Regulated Gene Expression and Metastasis
Mammalian cells have adopted mechanisms to regulate cellular oxygen levels for the maintenance of the cellular homeostatic balance. “Hypoxia” states...
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Distal Onco-Sphere: Molecular Mechanisms in Metastasis
Although there has been some hint in important molecular mechanisms in metastasis, this process is incompletely understood. We now understood the...
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Anoikis Resistance and Tumor Metastasis
Stability can only be achieved if cells are attached to the extracellular matrix (ECM). A dissociation of the ECM in localized tumors leads to an...
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Implications of Chemokine Heterogenicity in Cancer Metastasis
The amazing genetic complexity of malignant tumors has been revealed because of advancements in genomic technology. A phenomenon known as intratumor...