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Extracellular Hsp70 modulates 16HBE cells' inflammatory responses to cigarette smoke and bacterial components lipopolysaccharide and lipoteichoic acid
Cigarette smoke is a major risk factor for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), leading to chronic inflammation, while bacterial components...
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Differential effects of antibiotics on neutrophils exposed to lipoteichoic acid derived from Staphylococcus aureus
BackgroundPersistent bacteremia occurs in at least 30% of patients with Staphylococcus aureus bloodstream infection (SAB) and may be attributable to...
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Palmitic Acid and Oleic Acid Differently Modulate TLR2-Mediated Inflammatory Responses in Microglia and Macrophages
The relationship between systemic immunity and neuroinflammation is widely recognised. Infiltration of peripheral immune cells to the CNS during...
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Bacterial Species Associated with Highly Allergenic Plant Pollen Yield a High Level of Endotoxins and Induce Chemokine and Cytokine Release from Human A549 Cells
Sensitization to pollen allergens has been increasing in Europe every year. Most studies in this field are related to climate change, phenology,...
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Targeting Toll-Like Receptors for the Treatment of Lung Cancer
Lung cancer (LC) remains a significant concern for the community, causing the greatest number of fatalities linked to cancer globally. Toll-like...
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Oral Enrichment of Streptococcus and its Role in Systemic Inflammation Related to Monocyte Activation in Humans with Cocaine Use Disorder
Cocaine use is commonly associated with increased chronic systemic inflammation. However, the drivers for cocaine use-mediated systemic inflammation...
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Applications of Synbiotics as Cosmeceuticals
Maintenance of the skin environment is a key factor in topical drug delivery, which might be the prospective goal of various industries of skincare....
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Enterococcus faecium Virulence Factors and Biofilm Components: Synthesis, Structure, Function, and Inhibitors
Enterococcus faecium, a Gram-positive bacterium belonging to the family Enterococcaceae is known for its clinical significance due to its ability to...
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Anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant mechanisms of an MMP-8 inhibitor in lipoteichoic acid-stimulated rat primary astrocytes: involvement of NF-κB, Nrf2, and PPAR-γ signaling pathways
BackgroundRecent evidence suggests that reactive astrocytes play an important role in neuroinflammation and neurodegenerative diseases. Thus,...
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Costunolide attenuates LPS-induced inflammation and lung injury through inhibiting IKK/NF-κB signaling
Inflammation is an important pathological process of many acute and chronic diseases, such as sepsis, arthritis, and cancer. Many factors can lead to...
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Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms Involving Synbiotics in Various Disease State
Symbiont bacteria that colonize the body of human have recently been identified as major components of an individual health and a variety of...
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Polymer-Based Nanomaterials Against Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria
Currently, there are major developments in the fields of medicine and biomedical engineering to mitigate the spreading of resistant bacteria and the...
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Ideal Synbiotics: Pharmacokinetic, Pharmacodynamic, and Safety Assessment
Functional foods are becoming increasingly popular as people become more interested in maintaining their health and preventing diseases. Synbiotics...
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NLRP3 ablation enhances tolerance in heat stroke pathology by inhibiting IL-1β-mediated neuroinflammation
BackgroundPatients with prior illness are more vulnerable to heat stroke-induced injury, but the underlying mechanism is unknown. Recent studies...
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Streptococcus, Enterococcus and Pneumococcus
Streptococci are Gram-positive cocci arranged in pairs or chains and require complex nutrients for their growth. Streptococci are part of the normal...
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Systemic microbial TLR2 agonists induce neurodegeneration in Alzheimer’s disease mice
BackgroundAccumulating data suggest a central role for brain microglia in mediating cortical neuronal death in Alzheimer’s disease (AD), and for...
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What is the response profile of deciduous pulp fibroblasts stimulated with E. coli LPS and E. faecalis LTA?
BackgroundOral fibroblast immunological responses to bacterial stimuli are well known. However, there are few studies about pulp fibroblasts from...
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Markers of Bacterial Translocation in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Type 2 Diabetes mellitus is a multifactorial metabolic disorder. The growing body of evidence linking the gut microbiome to host metabolism has been...