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Effect of Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Antagonist on the Expression Patterns of Insulin-Like Growth Factor 1, Androgen Receptor, and Luteinizing Hormone Receptor in an Experimental Rat Model of Functional Ovarian Cysts
We studied the expression of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), androgen receptor (AR) and luteinizing hormone receptor (LHR) in the ovaries under...
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Insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor controls the function of CNS-resident macrophages and their contribution to neuroinflammation
Signaling by insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) is essential for the development of the central nervous system (CNS) and regulates neuronal...
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Insulin-Like Growth Factor 2: New Roles for a Known Molecule
Insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF2) is conventionally regarded as the main growth factor acting in the fetal body during pregnancy. Recent studies...
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Autocrine insulin-like growth factor 2 signaling as a potential target in the associated development of pulmonary emphysema and cancer in smokers
BackgroundTobacco smoking causes pulmonary inflammation, resulting in emphysema, an independent risk factor for lung cancer. Induction of...
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Targeting Insulin-Like Growth Factor-I in Management of Neurological Disorders
The degradation of neurons marks as the pathological reason for onset of most of the neurological diseases although the functional deficiencies and...
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Insulin-like growth factor 5 associates with human Aß plaques and promotes cognitive impairment
Risk factors such as dysregulation of Insulin-like growth factor (IGF) signaling have been linked to Alzheimer’s disease. Here we show that...
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Circulating insulin-like growth factor-1 and brain health: Evidence from 369,711 participants in the UK Biobank
BackgroundThe effects of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) deficiency on cognitive decline have been consistently reported in animal studies, but...
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Sex-Dependent Effects of Stress in Male Rats on Memory and Expression of the Insulin-Like Growth Factor 2 Receptor Gene in the Brains of Offspring
The sequelae of stressing male rats using the “stress–restress” paradigm (a model of post-traumatic stress disorder, PTSD) on memory and the...
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Circulating free insulin-like growth factor-I and prostate cancer: a case-control study nested in the European prospective investigation into cancer and nutrition
BackgroundCirculating total insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) is an established risk factor for prostate cancer. However, only a small proportion...
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Insulin and Insulin-Like Growth Factor-1 Associated Cancers
Insulin and insulin-like growth factor-1 are involved in key metabolic processes maintaining cellular and tissue metabolic homeostasis. Malfunction...
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Insulin receptor alternative splicing in breast and prostate cancer
Cancer etiology represents an intricate, multifactorial orchestration where metabolically associated insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) and insulin...
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The effect of intra-nasal co-treatment with insulin and growth factor-rich serum on behavioral defects, hippocampal oxidative-nitrosative stress, and histological changes induced by icv-STZ in a rat model
Impaired insulin and growth factor functions are thought to drive many alterations in neurodegenerative diseases like dementia and seem to contribute...
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Cytokine receptor-like factor 1 (CRLF1) promotes cardiac fibrosis via ERK1/2 signaling pathway
Cardiac fibrosis is a cause of morbidity and mortality in people with heart disease. Anti-fibrosis treatment is a significant therapy for heart...
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Insulin-Like Growth Factor-1 Promotes Synaptogenesis Signaling, a Major Dysregulated Pathway in Malformation of Cortical Development, in a Rat Model
Malformation of cortical development (MCD) is one of the main causes of intractable epilepsy in childhood. We explored a treatment based on molecular...
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A stepwise activation model for the insulin receptor
The binding of insulin to the insulin receptor (IR) triggers a cascade of receptor conformational changes and autophosphorylation, leading to the...
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Neddylation of insulin receptor substrate acts as a bona fide regulator of insulin signaling and its implications for cancer cell migration
Irregularities in insulin signaling have significantly increased the risk of various cancers, yet the precise underlying mechanisms remain unclear....
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Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A: Biomarkers Potential in Diabetes
Previously, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) have been studied only in diabetic neuropathy or...
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The potential effect of metformin on fibroblast growth factor 21 in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM)
Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) is a peptide hormone mainly synthesized and released from the liver. FGF21 acts on FGF21 receptors (FGFRs) and...
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Activation of mucosal insulin receptor exacerbates intestinal inflammation by promoting tissue resident memory T cells differentiation through EZH2
BackgroundInflammatory Bowel Diseases (IBD), an autoimmune disease characterised by abnormal intestinal immunity, are related to vital morbidity...
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Molecular and expression characterization of insulin-like signaling in development and metabolism of Aedes albopictus
BackgroundInsulin-like signaling (IS) in insects is a conserved pathway that regulates development, reproduction and longevity. Insulin-like peptides...
