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X-ray Irradiation Improves Neurological Function Recovery of Injured Spinal Cord by Inhibiting Inflammation and Glial Scar Formation
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a common clinical disease that can cause permanent disruption of nerve function. Inflammation and glial scar formation...
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The role of neural stem cells in regulating glial scar formation and repair
Glial scars are a common pathological occurrence in a variety of central nervous system (CNS) diseases and injuries. They are caused after severe...
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New insights into glial scar formation after spinal cord injury
Severe spinal cord injury causes permanent loss of function and sensation throughout the body. The trauma causes a multifaceted torrent of...
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Spatiotemporal Dynamics of the Molecular Expression Pattern and Intercellular Interactions in the Glial Scar Response to Spinal Cord Injury
Nerve regeneration in adult mammalian spinal cord is poor because of the lack of intrinsic regeneration of neurons and extrinsic factors – the glial...
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Hematogenous Macrophages Contribute to Fibrotic Scar Formation After Optic Nerve Crush
Although glial scar formation has been extensively studied after optic nerve injury, the existence and characteristics of traumatic optic nerve...
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Astrocytic Cebpd Regulates Pentraxin 3 Expression to Promote Fibrotic Scar Formation After Spinal Cord Injury
Astroglial-fibrotic scars resulted from spinal cord injury affect motor and sensory function, leading to paralysis. In particular, the fibrotic scar...
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Engineering strategies towards overcoming bleeding and glial scar formation around neural probes
Neural probes are sophisticated electrophysiological tools used for intra-cortical recording and stimulation. These microelectrode arrays, designed...
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Inhibition of CK2 Diminishes Fibrotic Scar Formation and Improves Outcomes After Ischemic Stroke via Reducing BRD4 Phosphorylation
Fibrotic scars play important roles in tissue reconstruction and functional recovery in the late stage of nervous system injury. However, the...
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The Key Regulator of Necroptosis, RIP1 Kinase, Contributes to the Formation of Astrogliosis and Glial Scar in Ischemic Stroke
Necroptosis initiation relies on the receptor-interacting protein 1 kinase (RIP1K). We recently reported that genetic and pharmacological inhibition...
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Sirt1 Overexpression Inhibits Fibrous Scar Formation and Improves Functional Recovery After Cerebral Ischemic Injury Through the Deacetylation of 14–3-3ζ
Cerebral ischemic stroke is one of the leading causes of human death. The fibrous scar is one of major factors influencing repair in central nervous...
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Salidroside Inhibits Reactive Astrogliosis and Glial Scar Formation in Late Cerebral Ischemia via the Akt/GSK-3β Pathway
Cerebral ischemia leads to reactive astrogliosis and glial scar formation. Glial scarring can impede functional restoration during the recovery phase...
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Porous Three-Dimensional Polyurethane Scaffolds Promote Scar-Free Endogenous Regeneration After Acute Brain Hemorrhage
Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is the most lethal subtype of stroke and is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Despite advances in...
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MiR-155-5p Aggravated Astrocyte Activation and Glial Scarring in a Spinal Cord Injury Model by Inhibiting Ndfip1 Expression and PTEN Nuclear Translocation
Central nervous injury and regeneration repair have always been a hot and difficult scientific questions in neuroscience, such as spinal cord injury...
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The TGFβ/Notch axis facilitates Müller cell-to-epithelial transition to ultimately form a chronic glial scar
BackgroundContrasting with zebrafish, retinal regeneration from Müller cells (MCs) is largely limited in mammals, where they undergo reactive gliosis...
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Adult Glial Cell Proliferation and Neurogenesis
The nomenclature of stem and progenitor cells is reviewed. In the adult body, only glial cells and not neurons can proliferate. The glial cell with...
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Loss-of-function manipulations to identify roles of diverse glia and stromal cells during CNS scar formation
Scar formation is the replacement of parenchymal cells by stromal cells and fibrotic extracellular matrix. Until as recently as 25 years ago, little...
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Botulinum neurotoxin serotype A inhibited ocular angiogenesis through modulating glial activation via SOCS3
BackgroundPathological angiogenesis causes significant vision loss in neovascular age-related macular degeneration and other retinopathies with...
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Glial Cells: Neuroglia
In the human brain glial cells are as abundant as neurons. The relative number of glial cells has increased with increasing complexity of the central...
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Updated Understanding of the Glial-Vascular Unit in Central Nervous System Disorders
The concept of the glial-vascular unit (GVU) was raised recently to emphasize the close associations between brain cells and cerebral vessels, and...
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Glial Biology: A Historical Perspective
In spite of the fact that the glial cells were discovered as “neuroglia” as far back as 1854 they remained to be further designated as astrocytes,...