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Redox signaling-mediated tumor extracellular matrix remodeling: pleiotropic regulatory mechanisms
BackgroundThe extracellular matrix (ECM), a fundamental constituent of all tissues and organs, is crucial for sha** the tumor microenvironment....
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Cell signaling activation and extracellular matrix remodeling underpin glioma tumor microenvironment heterogeneity and organization
PurposeTumor cells thrive by adapting to the signals in their microenvironment. To adapt, cancer cells activate signaling and transcriptional...
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The role of pyruvate-induced enhancement of oxygen metabolism in extracellular purinergic signaling in the post-cardiac arrest rat model
Purine nucleotide adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is a source of intracellular energy maintained by mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation. However,...
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Purinergic Signaling: An Overview
This chapter summarizes some of the evidence that originated the purinergic signaling discovery from the first identification of purines and...
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Decellularized Extracellular Matrix for Modeling Cardiac Extracellular Microenvironment
The extracellular matrix (ECM) forms most of the tissue microenvironment and is in a constant and dynamic equilibrium with cells. The...
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Purinergic Signaling in the Cerebellum
Purinergic signaling is a complex and evolutionarily conserved mechanism of extracellular communication involved in many physiological and...
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Toxoplasma gondii-induced neutrophil extracellular traps are relevant to glycolysis, TLR2, and TLR4 MAPK signaling pathway in goats
Toxoplasma gondii ( T. gondii ) exhibits a significantly high prevalence of infection in goats, leading to adverse consequences such as abortion and...
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Extracellular histones induce inflammation and senescence of vascular smooth muscle cells by activating the AMPK/FOXO4 signaling pathway
BackgroundSepsis is an abnormal immune-inflammatory response that is mainly caused by infection. It can lead to life-threatening organ dysfunction...
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snRNA-seq of human cutaneous neurofibromas before and after selumetinib treatment implicates role of altered Schwann cell states, inter-cellular signaling, and extracellular matrix in treatment response
Neurofibromatosis Type 1 (NF1) is caused by loss of function variants in the NF1 gene. Most patients with NF1 develop skin lesions called cutaneous...
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Internalization and Endosomal Trafficking of Extracellular Tau in Microglia Improved by α-Linolenic Acid
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is distinguished by extracellular accumulation of amyloid-beta plaques and intracellular neurofibrillary tangles of Tau....
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Biogenesis and Functions of Extracellular Vesicles
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) contain various biomolecules, including proteins, nucleic acids, lipids, and metabolites. Multiple intracellular...
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Chemotherapy-elicited extracellular vesicle CXCL1 from dying cells promotes triple-negative breast cancer metastasis by activating TAM/PD-L1 signaling
BackgroundTriple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is the most aggressive subtype of breast cancer, and chemotherapy still serves as the cornerstone...
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Extracellular Vesicles and Hypertension
Hypertension implicates multiple organs and systems, accounting for the majority of cardiovascular diseases and cardiac death worldwide....
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Inhibition of neutrophil extracellular trap formation ameliorates neuroinflammation and neuronal apoptosis via STING-dependent IRE1α/ASK1/JNK signaling pathway in mice with traumatic brain injury
BackgroundNeuroinflammation is one of the most important pathogeneses in secondary brain injury after traumatic brain injury (TBI). Neutrophil...
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Methods for Analysis of Extracellular Vesicle Functions
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nanoscale vesicles that are secreted by virtually all cells and are involved in numerous biological processes....
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Pathogenic Extracellular Vesicle (EV) Signaling in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS)
Extracellular vesicles (EVs), once considered a pathway for cells to remove waste, have now emerged as an important mechanism for intercellular...
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Phosphatidylserine in the Nervous System: Cytoplasmic Regulator of the AKT and PKC Signaling Pathways and Extracellular “Eat-Me” Signal in Microglial Phagocytosis
Phosphatidylserine (PtdSer) is an important anionic phospholipid found in eukaryotic cells and has been proven to serve as a beneficial factor in the...
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Obesity and cancer—extracellular matrix, angiogenesis, and adrenergic signaling as unusual suspects linking the two diseases
Obesity is an established risk factor for several human cancers. Given the association between excess body weight and cancer, the increasing rates of...
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Gastric cancer cell-originated small extracellular vesicle induces metabolic reprogramming of BM-MSCs through ERK-PPARγ-CPT1A signaling to potentiate lymphatic metastasis
Tumor microenvironment and metabolic reprogramming are critical for tumor metastasis. Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) are widely...
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Human adipose tissue-derived stem cell extracellular vesicles attenuate ocular hypertension-induced retinal ganglion cell damage by inhibiting microglia- TLR4/MAPK/NF-κB proinflammatory cascade signaling
Microglia-mediated neuroinflammatory responses are recognized as a predominant factor during high intraocular pressure (IOP)-induced retinal and...
