Abstract
Phosphatidylserine (PtdSer) is an important anionic phospholipid found in eukaryotic cells and has been proven to serve as a beneficial factor in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. PtdSer resides in the inner leaflet of the plasma membrane, where it is involved in regulating the AKT and PKC signaling pathways; however, it becomes exposed to the extracellular leaflet during neurodevelopmental processes and neurodegenerative diseases, participating in microglia-mediated synaptic and neuronal phagocytosis. In this paper, we review several characteristics of PtdSer, including the synthesis and translocation of PtdSer, the functions of cytoplasmic and exposed PtdSer, and different PtdSer-detection materials used to further understand the role of PtdSer in the nervous system.
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Abbreviations
- AD:
-
Alzheimer’s disease
- AKT:
-
Protein kinase B
- AnxA5:
-
Annexin A5
- BAI1:
-
Brain-specific angiogenesis inhibitor 1
- BDNF:
-
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor
- C1q:
-
Complement component 1, q subcomponent
- CDC50A:
-
Cell division cycle protein 50A
- CNS:
-
Central nervous system
- CR3:
-
Complement receptor 3
- DHA:
-
Docosahexaenoic acid
- GABA:
-
Gamma-aminobutyric acid
- Caspase:
-
Cysteine-containing aspartate-specific proteases
- GAS6:
-
Growth arrest-specific 6
- GPR56:
-
Adhesion G protein-coupled receptor G1
- Lact-C2:
-
C2 domain in Lactadherin
- MFGE8:
-
Milk fat globule epidermal growth factor 8
- NBD:
-
Nitrobenzoxadiazole
- NBD-PS:
-
Nitrobenzoxadiazole-labeled Ptdser
- P4-ATPase:
-
Type IV P-type adenosine triphosphatase
- PET:
-
Positron emission tomography
- PH domain:
-
Pleckstrin homology domain
- PIP3 :
-
Phosphatidylinositol (3,4,5)-trisphosphate
- PKC:
-
Protein kinase C
- PtdCho:
-
Phosphatidylcholine
- PtdEtn:
-
Phosphatidylethanolamine
- PtdSer:
-
Phosphatidylserine
- pSIVA:
-
Polarity-sensitive annexin-based biosensor
- PSS:
-
Phosphatidylserine synthase
- RAGE:
-
Receptor for advanced glycation end products
- ROS:
-
Reactive oxygen species
- RTKs:
-
Receptor protein tyrosine kinase
- SAMP8:
-
Senescence-accelerated mouse-prone 8
- TAM:
-
Receptor tyrosine kinases TYRO3, AXL, and MER
- TIM:
-
T cell/transmembrane, immunoglobulin and mucin
- TMEM16F:
-
Transmembrane protein 16F
- TREM2:
-
Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2
- Xkr8:
-
Xk-related protein 8
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We would apologize to authors whose relevant research was not cited due to the space limitation.
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This work was sponsored by Basic Research Program of Shanghai (20JC1412200), The National Key Research and Development Program of China (2020YFA0113000, 2018YFA0109800), and National Natural Science Foundation of China (81971324).
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Zhuang, J., Zhang, Y., Shu, H. et al. Phosphatidylserine in the Nervous System: Cytoplasmic Regulator of the AKT and PKC Signaling Pathways and Extracellular “Eat-Me” Signal in Microglial Phagocytosis. Mol Neurobiol 60, 1050–1066 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12035-022-03133-6
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12035-022-03133-6