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Brain Fluids, Blood–Brain Interfaces, and Their Involvement in Neuroimmune Regulation During Development and in Adulthood
The homeostasis of brain fluids, which comprise the parenchymal interstitial fluid and the circulating cerebrospinal fluid, is crucial for proper...
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Passive and Active Targeting for Solid Tumors
Remarkable technological advances have been recently made to treat cancer, such as site-specific delivery of drugs. Both passive and active targeting...
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SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein Disrupts Blood–Brain Barrier Integrity via RhoA Activation
The SARS-CoV-2 spike protein has been shown to disrupt blood–brain barrier (BBB) function, but its pathogenic mechanism of action is unknown. Whether...
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Potential value of CT-based comprehensive nomogram in predicting occult lymph node metastasis of esophageal squamous cell paralaryngeal nerves: a two-center study
PurposeThe aim of this study is to construct a combined model that integrates radiomics, clinical risk factors and machine learning algorithms to...
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Organs-on-a-Chip in Preclinical Studies
The scientific community is becoming increasingly aware that animal models frequently fail to capture the complexities of human biology....
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Organoids for modeling prion diseases
Human cerebral organoids are an exciting and novel model system emerging in the field of neurobiology. Cerebral organoids are spheres of...
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Plasmodium falciparum: Transporter and Drug Target
Malaria will continue to be a concern for public health well into the future, as it is responsible for more than 50 million fatalities annually...
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CD93 is Associated with Glioma-related Malignant Processes and Immunosuppressive Cell Infiltration as an Inspiring Biomarker of Survivance
Previous reports have confirmed the significance of CD93 in the progression of multiple tumors; however, there are few studies examining its immune...
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CCL2–CCR2 Signaling Axis in Cancer
In the present era, one of the common diseases that are considered a highly mortal disease is cancer, and day after day, it is increasing at an...
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Intramural Distributions of GAGs and Collagen vs. Opening Angle of the Intact Porcine Aortic Wall
The heterogeneity and contribution of collagen and elastin to residual stresses have been thoroughly studied, but more recently, glycosaminoglycans...
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A citizen science-based survey of avian mortality focusing on haemosporidian infections in wild passerine birds
BackgroundHaemosporidioses are common in birds and their manifestations range from subclinical infections to severe disease, depending on the...
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Adipocyte–Breast Cancer Cell Co-Culture in Transwells
Experiments with cell co-culture systems facilitate investigation of the effects of one cell population on another, when the cells are grown in close...
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Outline of Anatomy/Physiology of Skeletal Tissues
Bone is a living and active tissue in a constant phase of modeling and remodeling and, together with cartilage, it is the main component of the...
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Cells and Tissues of the Immune System
This chapter will provide a first overview on the cells and tissues forming the immune system. First, we will discuss the general role of immunity in...
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Dendritic cell-mediated chronic low-grade inflammation is regulated by the RAGE-TLR4-PKCβ1 signaling pathway in diabetic atherosclerosis
BackgroundThe unique mechanism of diabetic atherosclerosis has been a central research focus. Previous literature has reported that the inflammatory...
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Two New Cestode Species of Phoreiobothrium (Onchoproteocephalidea) from Two Carcharhinid Sharks of the Persian Gulf, with the First Report of Variation in Distribution of Vitelline Follicles of the Genus
PurposeThe aim of this work was the morphological study of the onchoproteocephalidean cestodes from two shark species of the Persian Gulf.
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A History of Immune and Neuroendocrine System Interactions
The purpose of this chapter is to provide a twentieth century history of neuroendocrine and immune systems and the interactions of their components....
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Efficient generation of endothelial cells from induced pluripotent stem cells derived from a patient with peripheral arterial disease
Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) is caused by atherosclerotic plaque accumulation, which results in ischemia in lower extremity ischemia. Cell-based...
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Siponimod ameliorates experimental autoimmune neuritis
BackgroundGuillain–Barré syndrome (GBS) and chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP) are human autoimmune peripheral neuropathy....
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Enzymatic Biosensor Platforms for Non-infectious Diseases: Diagnosis of Metabolic Disorders
Rapid and accurate diagnoses of diseases are important determinants required for optimal improvements in public health. Conventional in vitro...