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Semi-synthetic terpenoids with differential adjuvant properties as sustainable replacements for shark squalene in vaccine emulsions
Synthetic biology has allowed for the industrial production of supply-limited sesquiterpenoids such as the antimalarial drug artemisinin and...
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Isolation and evaluation of antiviral plant compounds against respiratory disease-causing viruses: a review
Influenza viruses are major concern worldwide due to their fast ability to spread, and causing the respiratory illness of varying severity. The rate...
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An Updated Review on Influenza Viruses
Influenza virus is a highly contagious respiratory virus also known as seasonal flu. This virus belongs to the Orthomyxoviridae family and its genome...
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Reverse transcription recombinase-aided amplification assay for H5 subtype avian influenza virus
BackgroundThe H5 subtype avian influenza virus (AIV) has caused huge economic losses to the poultry industry and is a threat to human health. A rapid...
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Biological Sex and Pregnancy Affect Influenza Pathogenesis and Vaccination
Males and females differ in the outcome of influenza A virus (IAV) infections, which depends significantly on age. During seasonal influenza...
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Influenza Virus Entry inhibitors
Influenza is a major challenge to health and the global economy. However, the increasing emergence of drug resistance during influenza pandemics...
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Attenuation of A(H7N9) influenza virus infection in mice exposed to cigarette smoke
Influenza A(H7N9) virus showed high pathogenicity in humans when it emerged in 2013. Cigarette smoke (CS) causes pulmonary diseases including...
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The biological characteristics and infection dynamics of a novel H3N2 canine influenza virus genotype in beagles
BackgroundThe canine influenza virus (CIV) outbreak has garnered considerable attention as it poses a significant threat to dog health. During the...
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An overview of influenza A virus genes, protein functions, and replication cycle highlighting important updates
The recent research findings on influenza A virus (IAV) genome biology prompted us to present a comprehensive overview of IAV genes, protein...
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Roles of Glycans and Non-glycans on the Epithelium and in the Immune System in H1–H18 Influenza A Virus Infections
The large variation of influenza A viruses (IAVs) in various susceptible hosts and their rapid evolution, which allows host/tissue switching, host...
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Current Progress and Challenges in the Study of Adjuvants for Oral Vaccines
Over the past 20 years, a variety of potential adjuvants have been studied to enhance the effect of oral vaccines in the intestinal mucosal immune...
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ACE2 in chronic disease and COVID-19: gene regulation and post-translational modification
Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), a counter regulator of the renin-angiotensin system, provides protection against several chronic diseases....
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1,2,3-triazole derivatives as antiviral agents
In the last years, the emergence and spread of viral infections have been described with increased frequency and becomes a serious problem. The...
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Influenza A virus use of BinCARD1 to facilitate the binding of viral NP to importin α7 is counteracted by TBK1-p62 axis-mediated autophagy
As a major component of the viral ribonucleoprotein (vRNP) complex in influenza A virus (IAV), nucleoprotein (NP) interacts with isoforms of importin...
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Virus infection induced pulmonary fibrosis
Pulmonary fibrosis is the end stage of a broad range of heterogeneous interstitial lung diseases and more than 200 factors contribute to it. In...
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Targeting Molecular and Cellular Mechanism of Influenza A Virus
The respiratory epithelium is the erudite barrier that serves as the interface between the environmental factors and the host immune system. It...
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Whole transcriptome analysis reveals differential gene expression profile reflecting macrophage polarization in response to influenza A H5N1 virus infection
BackgroundAvian influenza A H5N1 virus can cause lethal disease in humans. The virus can trigger severe pneumonia and lead to acute respiratory...
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Functions of MAP3Ks in antiviral immunity
Immune signal transduction is crucial to the body’s defense against viral infection. Recognition of pathogen-associated molecular patterns by pattern...
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Safety and immunogenicity of a ferritin nanoparticle H2 influenza vaccine in healthy adults: a phase 1 trial
Currently, licensed seasonal influenza vaccines display variable vaccine effectiveness, and there remains a need for novel vaccine platforms capable...
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Development of molecular clamp stabilized hemagglutinin vaccines for Influenza A viruses
Influenza viruses cause a significant number of infections and deaths annually. In addition to seasonal infections, the risk of an influenza virus...
