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Expression of GAD65/67 and VGLUT2 in Mediobasal Nuclei of Rat Hypothalamus during Aging
The expression of glutamate decarboxylase GAD65/67, an enzyme of GABA synthesis, and vesicular glutamate transporter 2 (VGLUT2) in the arcuate,...
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Amino Acid Transporters Proteins Involved in the Glutamate-Glutamine Cycle and Their Alterations in Murine Models of Alzheimer’s Disease
The brain’s ability to integrate external stimuli and generate responses is highly complex. While these mechanisms are not completely understood,...
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A pilot study on glutamate receptor and carrier gene variants and risk of childhood autism spectrum
Imbalanced glutamate signaling has been implicated in the development of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). This case-control study was to examine...
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CIC reduces xCT/SLC7A11 expression and glutamate release in glioma
Capicua (CIC) is an important downstream molecule of RTK/RAS/MAPK pathway. The regulatory mechanism of CIC underlying tumorigenesis in...
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Chronic exposure to inorganic arsenic and fluoride induces redox imbalance, inhibits the transsulfuration pathway, and alters glutamate receptor expression in the brain, resulting in memory impairment in adult male mouse offspring
Exposure to toxic elements in drinking water, such as arsenic (As) and fluoride (F), starts at gestation and has been associated with memory and...
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Glutamate and Epilepsy: An Insight from Temporal Lobe Epilepsy
The normal physiology of neurons is achieved through a delicate balance between excitatory and inhibitory synapses. Any disruption of such intricate...
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The Role of Glutamate Dysregulation in the Etiology of ADHD
In this chapter we review current data assessing the role of glutamate in the etiology of ADHD. A general introduction of ADHD and common...
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Effects of Methylphenidate on the Dopamine Transporter and Beyond
The dopamine transporter (DAT) is the main target of methylphenidate (MPH), which remains the number one drug prescribed worldwide for the treatment...
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Glutamate-Based Treatment for Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis/Motor Neuron Disease
Glutamate is the most diffused amino acid in the brain throughout the human lifespan, since it is a unique actor in neuronal growth and...
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Impaired EAT-4 Vesicular Glutamate Transporter Leads to Defective Nocifensive Response of Caenorhabditis elegans to Noxious Heat
In mammals, glutamate is an important excitatory neurotransmitter. Glutamate and glutamate receptors are found in areas specifically involved in pain...
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The role of extracellular glutamate homeostasis dysregulated by astrocyte in epileptic discharges: a model evidence
Glutamate (Glu) is a predominant excitatory neurotransmitter that acts on glutamate receptors to transfer signals in the central nervous system....
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Glutamate in Multiple Sclerosis: From Pathophysiology to Treatments
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease typified by overt demyelination and inflammation that develop in selected regions of the central...
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Glutamate Neurotoxicity Related to Energy Failure
Glutamate is the major excitatory neurotransmitter mediating its effects via a plethora of receptors being either ionotropic or metabotropic. Each of...
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α-Synuclein induced cholesterol lowering increases tonic and reduces depolarization-evoked synaptic vesicle recycling and glutamate release
α-Synuclein (α-syn) is a key molecule linked to Parkinson’s disease pathology. Physiologically, the monomeric α-syn in the presynaptic termini is...
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Two Metabolic Fuels, Glucose and Lactate, Differentially Modulate Exocytotic Glutamate Release from Cultured Astrocytes
Astrocytes have a prominent role in metabolic homeostasis of the brain and can signal to adjacent neurons by releasing glutamate via a...
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Spatial Distribution of Neurons Expressing Single, Double, and Triple Molecular Characteristics of Glutamatergic, Dopaminergic, or GABAergic Neurons in the Mouse Ventral Tegmental Area
The ventral tegmental area (VTA) is a heterogeneous midbrain area that plays a significant role in diverse neural processes such as reward, aversion,...
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Dysfunction of the glutamatergic photoreceptor synapse in the P301S mouse model of tauopathy
Tauopathies, including Alzheimer’s disease, are characterized by retinal ganglion cell loss associated with amyloid and phosphorylated tau deposits....
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Characterization of basal forebrain glutamate neurons suggests a role in control of arousal and avoidance behavior
The basal forebrain (BF) is involved in arousal, attention, and reward processing but the role of individual BF neuronal subtypes is still being...
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Drug Transporters
Membrane transporters play a central role in protecting the body from xenobiotics (either by preventing their absorption, limiting their...