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Glutamate Neurotoxicity Related to Energy Failure
Glutamate is the major excitatory neurotransmitter mediating its effects via a plethora of receptors being either ionotropic or metabotropic. Each of...
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Glutamate and Neurodegeneration in the Retina
L-glutamate is a neurotransmitter throughout the various levels of retinal neurones (photoreceptors, bipolar cells, ganglion cells) and acts at a...
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Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor Subtype 7 Is Essential for Ejaculation
Metabotropic glutamate receptor subtype 7 (mGluR7) is a member of the group III mGluRs, which are negatively coupled to adenylate cyclase via Gi/Go...
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Glutamate Receptor Auxiliary Subunits and Interacting Protein Partners in the Cerebellum
AMPA- and kainate-type glutamate receptors play a central role in excitatory signaling and synaptic plasticity in the cerebellum. Considerable...
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The Role of Neurotransmitters in Epileptogenesis: Focus on GABA and Glutamate
Epileptic seizures are frequently referred to as a brief development of a number of signs and symptoms resulting from extreme or synchronized...
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Glutamate in the Pathogenesis of Gliomas
Recent studies have shown that glutamate may serve important roles in the pathobiology of primary brain tumors. Glutamate is produced and secreted...
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Role of Metabotropic Glutamate Receptors in Alcohol-Drinking Behaviors
Glutamatergic system impairments have been associated with long-term use of drugs of abuse, including alcohol. Metabotropic glutamate receptors...
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Glutamate in the Pathogenesis of Gliomas
Recent studies have shown that glutamate may serve important roles in the pathobiology of primary brain tumors. Glutamate is produced and secreted...
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Modulation of Glutamate for Chronic Pain Management
Glutamatergic neurotransmission is strongly implicated in both normal pain neurotransmission and the transition to chronic pain and central...
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Glutamate as a Neurotoxin
Glutamate (Glu) is the major excitatory neurotransmitter in the mammalian central nervous system (CNS). Excessive glutamate in the extracellular...
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Classic and Modern Approaches to Investigating Interactions Between Dopamine Systems and Metabotropic Glutamate Receptors
Metabotropic glutamate (mGlu) receptors and dopamine receptors are two classes of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) that powerfully modulate...
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Glutamate and Epilepsy: An Insight from Temporal Lobe Epilepsy
The normal physiology of neurons is achieved through a delicate balance between excitatory and inhibitory synapses. Any disruption of such intricate...
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Glutamatergic Pathways and Receptors
Glutamate is a major excitatory neurotransmitter in the vertebrate brain and is utilized at distinct synapses in the cerebellum. Glutamate released...
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Glutamate triggers the expression of functional ionotropic and metabotropic glutamate receptors in mast cells
Mast cells are emerging as players in the communication between peripheral nerve endings and cells of the immune system. However, it is not clear the...
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Electrophysiological and Calcium Imaging Approaches to Study Metabotropic Glutamate Receptors
The activation of metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs) has a strong impact on neuronal action potential generation, membrane potential, and...
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Role of Ionotropic Glutamate Receptors in Neurodegenerative and Other Disorders
The central nervous system (CNS) plays host to some of the most unpredictable and complex disease states. While several hereditary and epigenetic...
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The mGlu5 Receptor Protomer-Mediated Dopamine D2 Receptor Trans-Inhibition Is Dependent on the Adenosine A2A Receptor Protomer: Implications for Parkinson’s Disease
The adenosine A 2A receptor (A 2A R), dopamine D 2 receptor (D 2 R) and metabotropic glutamate receptor type 5 (mGluR 5 ) form A 2A R-D 2 R-mGluR 5 heteroreceptor...
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Adenosine A2A Receptor-Containing Heteromers and Neuroprotection
Adenosine is a nucleoside with key functions in cell metabolism and in the regulation of several physiological processes in mammals. Its actions are...