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Article
Open AccessSix-helix bundle completion in the distal C-terminal heptad repeat region of gp41 is required for efficient human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection
The native pre-fusion structure of gp120/gp41 complex of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 was recently revealed. In the model, the helices of gp41 (α6, α7, α8, and α9) form a four-helix collar underneath trime...
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Article
Open AccessRecent advance in the structural analysis of HIV-1 envelope protein
Human immunodeficiency virus type I (HIV-1), a causative agent of AIDS, is affecting today more than 35 millions of people worldwide. The advance of anti-HIV chemotherapy has made AIDS a chronic non-fatal dise...
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Protocol
Dual Split Protein (DSP) Assay to Monitor Cell–Cell Membrane Fusion
Fusion between viral and cellular membranes is the essential first step in infection of enveloped viruses. This step is mediated by viral envelope glycoproteins (Env) that recognize cellular receptors. The mem...
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Article
Conserved arginine residue in the membrane-spanning domain of HIV-1 gp41 is required for efficient membrane fusion
Despite the high mutation rate of HIV-1, the amino acid sequences of the membrane-spanning domain (MSD) of HIV-1 gp41 are well conserved. Arginine residues are rarely found in single membrane-spanning domains,...
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Article
Interferon-gamma negatively regulates Th17-mediated immunopathology during mouse hepatitis virus infection
Fulminant hepatitis can cause acute liver failure and death in both humans and mice. However, the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying the acute disease are still not well understood. Here, we examine ...
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Article
Open AccessMembrane topology analysis of HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein gp41
The gp41 subunit of the HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein (Env) has been widely regarded as a type I transmembrane protein with a single membrane-spanning domain (MSD). An alternative topology model suggested multip...
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Article
Open AccessThe membrane-spanning domain of gp41 plays a critical role in intracellular trafficking of the HIV envelope protein
The sequences of membrane-spanning domains (MSDs) on the gp41 subunit are highly conserved among many isolates of HIV-1. The GXXXG motif, a potential helix-helix interaction motif, and an arginine residue (rar...
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Protocol
In Vitro Translation to Study HIV Protease Activity
HIV-1 is an etiological agent of AIDS. One of the targets of the current anti-HIV-1 combination chemotherapy, called highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), is HIV-1 protease (PR), which is responsible f...
