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Article
Open AccessDimeric transport mechanism of human vitamin C transporter SVCT1
Vitamin C plays important roles as a cofactor in many enzymatic reactions and as an antioxidant against oxidative stress. As some mammals including humans cannot synthesize vitamin C de novo from glucose, its ...
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Article
Open AccessStructural basis for pegRNA-guided reverse transcription by a prime editor
The prime editor system composed of Streptococcus pyogenes Cas9 nickase (nSpCas9) and engineered Moloney murine leukaemia virus reverse transcriptase (M-MLV RT) collaborates with a prime editing guide RNA (pegRNA...
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Article
Open AccessMitoribosome structure with cofactors and modifications reveals mechanism of ligand binding and interactions with L1 stalk
The mitoribosome translates mitochondrial mRNAs and regulates energy conversion that is a signature of aerobic life forms. We present a 2.2 Å resolution structure of human mitoribosome together with validated ...
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Article
Open AccessMechanistic and evolutionary insights into a type V-M CRISPR–Cas effector enzyme
RNA-guided type V CRISPR–Cas12 effectors provide adaptive immunity against mobile genetic elements (MGEs) in bacteria and archaea. Among diverse Cas12 enzymes, the recently identified Cas12m2 (CRISPR–Cas type ...
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Article
Open AccessCryo-EM structure of the transposon-associated TnpB enzyme
The class 2 type V CRISPR effector Cas12 is thought to have evolved from the IS200/IS605 superfamily of transposon-associated TnpB proteins1. Recent studies have identified TnpB proteins as miniature RNA-guided D...
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Article
Open AccessMechanism of mitoribosomal small subunit biogenesis and preinitiation
Mitoribosomes are essential for the synthesis and maintenance of bioenergetic proteins. Here we use cryo-electron microscopy to determine a series of the small mitoribosomal subunit (SSU) intermediates in comp...
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Article
Open AccessAnalysis of translating mitoribosome reveals functional characteristics of translation in mitochondria of fungi
Mitoribosomes are specialized protein synthesis machineries in mitochondria. However, how mRNA binds to its dedicated channel, and tRNA moves as the mitoribosomal subunit rotate with respect to each other is n...
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Article
Open AccessDistinct pre-initiation steps in human mitochondrial translation
Translation initiation in human mitochondria relies upon specialized mitoribosomes and initiation factors, mtIF2 and mtIF3, which have diverged from their bacterial counterparts. Here we report two distinct mi...
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Article
Open AccessPhagocytosis is mediated by two-dimensional assemblies of the F-BAR protein GAS7
Phagocytosis is a cellular process for internalization of micron-sized large particles including pathogens. The Bin-Amphiphysin-Rvs167 (BAR) domain proteins, including the FCH-BAR (F-BAR) domain proteins, impo...
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Article
Open AccessStructure-based mechanism for activation of the AAA+ GTPase McrB by the endonuclease McrC
The AAA+ GTPase McrB powers DNA cleavage by the endonuclease McrC. The GTPase itself is activated by McrC. The architecture of the GTPase and nuclease complex, and the mechanism of their activation remained un...
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Article
TRPV4 channel activity is modulated by direct interaction of the ankyrin domain to PI(4,5)P2
Mutations in the ankyrin repeat domain (ARD) of TRPV4 are responsible for several channelopathies, including Charcot–Marie–Tooth disease type 2C and congenital distal and scapuloperoneal spinal muscular atroph...
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Article
Phosphatidylcholine-specific phospholipase C, but not phospholipase D, is involved in pemphigus IgG-induced signal transduction
