Page
%P
![Loading...](https://link.springer.com/static/c4a417b97a76cc2980e3c25e2271af3129e08bbe/images/pdf-preview/spacer.gif)
-
Article
Nuclear Factor κB Signaling in Opioid Functions and Receptor Gene Expression
Opiates are the most powerful of all known analgesics. The prototype opiate morphine has been used as a painkiller for several thousand years. Chronic usage of opiates not only causes drug tolerance, dependenc...