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Article
Open AccessA Georeferenced Dataset for Map** and Assessing Subgrade Defects in China’s High-Speed Railways
China has the world’s longest high-speed rail (HSR) network, marked by dense transportation and complex operations. However, frequent train use coupled with extreme weather conditions has led to rising subgrad...
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Article
Open AccessMulti-defect risk assessment in high-speed rail subgrade infrastructure in China
This study addresses the escalating risk of high-speed railway (HSR) infrastructure in China, amplified by climate warming, increased rainfall, frequent extreme weather, and geohazard events. Leveraging a geor...
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Runoff modelling and quantification of supraglacial debris impact on seasonal streamflow in the highly glacierized catchments of the western Karakoram in Upper Indus Basin, Pakistan
A precise estimation of seasonal runoff and accurate quantification of discharge components is imperative for understanding the hydroclimatic regimes in mountainous regions. This study aimed to investigate dai...
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Chapter and Conference Paper
First-Order Representations and Calculi of Categorical Propositions
Against the three kinds of defaults of categorical propositions in traditional logic: (1) inconsistent interpretations by Euler circles, (2) monadic quantification, and (3) localization of representation and i...
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Article
A unified classifiability analysis framework based on meta-learner and its application in spectroscopic profiling data
Spectroscopic profiling data (e.g., Raman spectroscopy and mass spectroscopy), combined with machine learning, have provided a data-driven approach for discriminative tasks. In these tasks, researchers often s...
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Article
Shifting from homogeneous to heterogeneous surfaces in estimating terrestrial evapotranspiration: Review and perspectives
Terrestrial evapotranspiration (ET) is a crucial link between Earth’s water cycle and the surface energy budget. Accurate measurement and estimation remain a major challenge in geophysical, biological, and env...
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Chapter and Conference Paper
Harmonization and Systematization of Categorical Propositions by Fuzzy Quantification
The paper serves to solve the problem how to instantiate and systematize categorical propositions, positing the quantitative and qualitative relation between two sets with the prerequisites of (1) consistency ...
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Chapter and Conference Paper
Selectivity: The Essence of Natural and Artificial Intelligence
The paper summarizes definitions of (artificial) intelligence in three kinds of disciplines, which are (1) anthropology as well as relevant fields of biology, psychology and cognitive science on intelligence, ...
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Chapter and Conference Paper
Formalized Deduction of Semantics-Consistent and Quantifier-Dyadic Syllogisms
The paper solves how to reform Aristotelian syllogisms (ASs) to make it compatible with classic logic, and further formally deduct them in logic programming languages. It asserts that there exist two challengi...
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Chapter
Evaporation Processes and Changes Over the Northern Regions
Evapotranspiration (ET) is a key component in global water and energy cycles. This chapter presents and discusses recent research advances about ET over northern regions and watersheds. ET in northern regions ...
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Article
Ground observed climatology and trend in snow cover phenology across China with consideration of snow-free breaks
Accurate understanding of snow cover phenology and its changes is important to hydrological processes and climate system. Having recognized the potential uncertainties in remote sensing snow cover products, we...
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Article
Synthesis of deuterium-labeled nelarabine and its active ingredient, ara-G
Nelarabine is a prodrug of the deoxyguanosine analogue, 9-β-D-arabinofuranose guanine (ara-G), which is used for the treatment of patients with T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) and T-cell lymphoblas...
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Article
Open AccessPost-20th century near-steady state of Batura Glacier: observational evidence of Karakoram Anomaly
Stable or marginal mass loss dominating in Karakoram has been reported widely through satellite and ground investigations. This work aimed to verify the variation in glacier mass by collecting ground-based dat...
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Reference Work Entry In depth
Surface Runoff
Surface runoff, or overland flow, is a fundamental process of interest in hydrology. Surface runoff generation can occur at multiple scales, ranging from small pools of excess water that propagate downhill to ...
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Chapter
Status and Change of the Cryosphere in the Extended Hindu Kush Himalaya Region
The cryosphere is defined by the presence of frozen water in its many forms: glaciers, ice caps, ice sheets, snow, permafrost, and river and lake ice. In the extended Hindu Kush Himalaya (HKH) region, includin...
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Living Reference Work Entry In depth
Surface Runoff
Surface runoff, or overland flow, is a fundamental process of interest in hydrology. Surface runoff generation can occur at multiple scales, ranging from small pools of excess water that propagate downhill to ...
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Article
Augmented anti-tumor activity of NK-92 cells expressing chimeric receptors of TGF-βR II and NKG2D
The capacity of natural killer (NK) cells to kill tumor cells without specific antigen recognition provides an advantage over T cells and makes them potential effectors for tumor immunotherapy. However, the ef...
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Chapter and Conference Paper
Scientific Advances on Consciousness
The article summarizes scientific advances on consciousness up to the present (the year 2017). The remarkable milestones of experimental research on consciousness, in particular those in response to some philo...
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Article
Spatiotemporal variations of actual evapotranspiration over the Lake Selin Co and surrounding small lakes (Tibetan Plateau) during 2003–2012
Actual evapotranspiration (ET a ) over the Tibetan Plateau (TP) is an important component of the water cycle, and greatly influences the water bu...
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Article
Open AccessA concise drug alerting rule set for Chinese hospitals and its application in computerized physician order entry (CPOE)
A minimized and concise drug alerting rule set can be effective in reducing alert fatigue.
