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Article
Open AccessCombining atomic force microscopy and fluorescence-based techniques to explore mechanical properties of naive and ischemia-affected brain regions in mice
Knowledge of the brain’s structure and function is essential for understanding processes in health and disease. Histochemical and fluorescence-based techniques have proven beneficial in characterizing brain re...
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Article
Open AccessThe Cytoskeletal Elements MAP2 and NF-L Show Substantial Alterations in Different Stroke Models While Elevated Serum Levels Highlight Especially MAP2 as a Sensitive Biomarker in Stroke Patients
In the setting of ischemic stroke, the neurofilament subunit NF-L and the microtubule-associated protein MAP2 have proven to be exceptionally ischemia-sensitive elements of the neuronal cytoskeleton. Since alt...
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Article
Open AccessTranscriptional Response and Morphological Features of the Neurovascular Unit and Associated Extracellular Matrix After Experimental Stroke in Mice
Experimental stroke studies yielded insights into single reactions of the neurovascular unit (NVU) and associated extracellular matrix (ECM). However, the extent of simultaneous processes caused by ischemia an...
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Article
Rheologically Essential Surfactant Proteins of the CSF Interacting with Periventricular White Matter Changes in Hydrocephalus Patients – Implications for CSF Dynamics and the Glymphatic System
Surfactant proteins (SP) are multi-systemic proteins playing crucial roles in the regulation of rheological properties of physiological fluids, host defense, and the clearance of potentially harmful metabolite...
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Article
Open AccessPrimary brain amyloidoma, both a neoplastic and a neurodegenerative disease: a case report
Scattered extracellular deposits of amyloid within the brain parenchyma can be found in a heterogeneous group of diseases. Its condensed accumulation in the white matter without evidence for systemic amyloidos...
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Article
Localization, Occurrence, and CSF Changes of SP-G, a New Surface Active Protein with Assumable Immunoregulatory Functions in the CNS
Conventional surfactant proteins (A, B, C, and D) are important players of the innate immunity in the central nervous system and serve as effective regulators of cerebrospinal fluid rheology, probably being in...
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Article
Open AccessNeuropathological findings suggestive for a stroke in an alpaca (Vicugna pacos)
This case report describes a focal brain lesion in an alpaca (Vicugna pacos). Although this is a restricted study based on a single animal, neuropathological features are reported that are most likely attributed ...
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Article
Radial glial elements in the cerebral cortex of the lesser hedgehog tenrec
We investigated astroglial cells in several areas of the telencephalic cortex of the lesser hedgehog tenrec (Echinops telfairi). Compared to other mammals, the cortex of the tenrec has a relatively large paleocor...
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Article
Elevated Surfactant Protein Levels and Increased Flow of Cerebrospinal Fluid in Cranial Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Surfactant proteins (SPs) are a multifunctional group of proteins, responsible for the regulation of rheological properties of body fluids, host defense, and cellular waste clearance. Their concentrations are ...
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Article
Open AccessPhosphorylation of FEZ1 by Microtubule Affinity Regulating Kinases regulates its function in presynaptic protein trafficking
Adapters bind motor proteins to cargoes and therefore play essential roles in Kinesin-1 mediated intracellular transport. The regulatory mechanisms governing adapter functions and the spectrum of cargoes recog...
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Article
Open AccessOpsoclonus-myoclonus syndrome after adenovirus infection
Autoimmune and paraneoplastic movement disorders are rare in childhood. Diagnosis often relies on clinical manifestations and clinicians’ recognition. A 22-month-old girl at onset of opsoclonus-myoclonus syndr...
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Article
Continuous adenosine A2A receptor antagonism after focal cerebral ischemia in spontaneously hypertensive rats
Antagonism of the adenosine A2A receptor (A2AR) has been shown to elicit substantial neuroprotective properties when given immediately after cerebral ischemia. We asked whether the continuous application of a sel...
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Article
Experimental measles encephalitis in Lewis rats: dissemination of infected neuronal cell subtypes
Acute measles may lead in rare instances to the chronic progressive central nervous system disease process subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE). SSPE results from a persistent measles virus (MV) infectio...
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Article
Open AccessAutonomic reactions and peri-interventional alterations in body weight as potential supplementary outcome parameters for thromboembolic stroke in rats
Since several neuroprotectives failed to reproduce promising preclinical results under clinical conditions, efforts emerged to implement clinically relevant endpoints in animal stroke studies. Thereby, insuffi...
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Article
Open AccessInterrelations between blood-brain barrier permeability and matrix metalloproteinases are differently affected by tissue plasminogen activator and hyperoxia in a rat model of embolic stroke
In ischemic stroke, blood-brain barrier (BBB) regulations, typically involving matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and inhibitors (TIMPs) as mediators, became interesting since tissue plasminogen activator (tPA)-...
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Article
Open AccessEarly outcome and blood-brain barrier integrity after co-administered thrombolysis and hyperbaric oxygenation in experimental stroke
After promising results in experimental stroke, normobaric (NBO) or hyperbaric oxygenation (HBO) have recently been discussed as co-medication with tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) for improving outcome. Thi...
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Article
Perivascular drainage of solutes is impaired in the ageing mouse brain and in the presence of cerebral amyloid angiopathy
The deposition of amyloid-β (Aβ) peptides in the walls of leptomeningeal and cortical blood vessels as cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) is present in normal ageing and the majority of Alzheimer’s disease (AD)...
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Article
Open AccessHuman intravenous immunoglobulin provides protection against Aβ toxicity by multiple mechanisms in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease
Purified intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) obtained from the plasma of healthy humans is indicated for the treatment of primary immunodeficiency disorders associated with defects in humoral immunity. IVIG cont...
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Article
Coexpression of vesicular glutamate transporters 1 and 2, glutamic acid decarboxylase and calretinin in rat entorhinal cortex
We studied the distribution and coexpression of vesicular glutamate transporters (VGluT1, VGluT2), glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) and calretinin (CR, calcium-binding protein) in rat entorhinal cortex, using...
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Article
Inverse association of Pin1 and tau accumulation in Alzheimer's disease hippocampus
Neurofibrillary degeneration, one of the pathological hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease, is not ubiquitous to all brain regions or neurons. While a high degree of vulnerability has been documented for entorhin...
