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Article
Open AccessGenetic evidence for involvement of β2-adrenergic receptor in brown adipose tissue thermogenesis in humans
Sympathetic activation of brown adipose tissue (BAT) thermogenesis can ameliorate obesity and related metabolic abnormalities. However, crucial subtypes of the β-adrenergic receptor (AR), as well as effects of...
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Chapter
Effects of Exercise Training on Cardiac and Skeletal Muscle Functions in Patients with Chronic Heart Failure
The primary symptom in patients with chronic heart failure (CHF) is exercise intolerance. Previous studies have reported that reduced exercise tolerance in CHF can be explained not only by cardiac output (a ce...
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Chapter
Reduced Scattering Coefficient During Incremental Exercise Is Constant Without Being Affected by Changes in Muscle Oxygenation or Hemodynamics
Previous studies have reported that the reduced scattering coefficient (μs′) in the vastus lateralis changes during ramp-incremental exercise due to blood volume changes or accumulation of metabolic by-products. ...
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Article
Open AccessRelationships between plasma lipidomic profiles and brown adipose tissue density in humans
The thermogenic function of brown adipose tissue (BAT) is generally activated in winter and tightly regulated through various metabolic processes. However, the mechanisms mediating these changes have not been ...
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Chapter
Reduced Optical Path Length in the Vastus Lateralis During Ramp Cycling Exercise
Near-infrared time-resolved spectroscopy (NIRTRS) can quantitatively evaluate mean optical path length (MPL). Since an increase in optical absorbers in the NIR region (e.g. an increase in deoxygenated hemoglobin ...
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Article
Review of early development of near-infrared spectroscopy and recent advancement of studies on muscle oxygenation and oxidative metabolism
Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) has become an increasingly valuable tool to monitor tissue oxygenation (Toxy) in vivo. Observations of changes in the absorption of light with Toxy have been recognized as early ...
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Article
Near-Infrared Spatially Resolved Spectroscopy as an Indirect Technique to Assess Brown Adipose Tissue in Young Women
Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) has recently been proposed as an indirect technique to assess brown adipose tissue (BAT) in young men. NIRS arises as a novel technique to avoid the limitations of the “gold-s...
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Article
Open AccessGene expression profile of muscle adaptation to high-intensity intermittent exercise training in young men
High-intensity intermittent exercise training (HIIT) has been proposed as an effective approach for improving both, the aerobic and anaerobic exercise capacity. However, the detailed molecular response of the ...
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Article
Open AccessSeasonal differences in brown adipose tissue density and pulse rate variability in a thermoneutral environment
Brown adipose tissue (BAT) is sympathetically activated and induces thermogenesis during cold exposure, thereby influencing energy expenditure and body fat levels. The very low frequency (VLF) components of pu...
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Chapter
Evaluation of Functional Hyperemia Using NIRTRS Without the Influence of Fat Layer Thickness
Fat layer thickness (FLT) affects near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) measurement. The aim of this study was to determine an indicator of muscle function with less influence of FLT, even without normalization, b...
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Article
Open AccessMouth rinsing with a carbohydrate solution attenuates exercise-induced decline in executive function
A decline in executive function could have a negative influence on the control of actions in dynamic situations, such as sports activities. Mouth rinsing with a carbohydrate solution could serve as an effectiv...
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Article
Open AccessThe effects of phenylalanine on exercise-induced fat oxidation: a preliminary, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover trial
When combined with exercise, dietary amino acid (AA) supplementation is an effective method for accelerating fat mobilization. However, the effects of single AAs combined with exercise on fat oxidation remains...
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Article
Open AccessThe effects of low-repetition and light-load power training on bone mineral density in postmenopausal women with sarcopenia: a pilot study
Age-related reduction in bone mineral density (BMD) is generally accelerated in women after menopause, and could be even more pronounced in individuals with sarcopenia. Light-load power training with a low num...
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Article
Open AccessDaily ingestion of catechin-rich beverage increases brown adipose tissue density and decreases extramyocellular lipids in healthy young women
Brown adipose tissue (BAT) contributes to the regulation of non-shivering thermogenesis and adiposity. Increasing BAT has recently attracted much attention as a countermeasure to obesity. Animal studies have s...
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Chapter and Conference Paper
Evaluation of Brown Adipose Tissue Using Near-Infrared Time-Resolved Spectroscopy
Human brown adipose tissue (BAT) activity (SUVmax) has been typically evaluated by 18F-fluorodeoxy glucose (FDG)–positron emission tomography (PET) combined with computed tomography (CT). In this study, the objec...
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Article
Open AccessA single-dose of oral nattokinase potentiates thrombolysis and anti-coagulation profiles
Our aim was to determine the quantitative effects of a single-dose of Nattokinase (NK) administration on coagulation/fibrinolysis parameters comprehensively in healthy male subjects. A double-blind, placebo-co...
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Article
Once-weekly muscle endurance and strength training prevents deterioration of muscle oxidative function and attenuates the degree of strength decline during 3-week forearm immobilization
Muscle unloading causes muscle function deterioration, but the extent to which training frequency or volume can be reduced while preserving muscle function during muscle unloading is unknown. We examined the e...
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Article
Dynamic exercise improves cognitive function in association with increased prefrontal oxygenation
The Stroop test was performed before and after ergometer exercise for 15 min at 20, 40, and 60 % of maximum voluntary exercise (EXmax), in order to examine whether dynamic exercise is capable of improving cognit...
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Article
Low-volume strength and endurance training prevent the decrease in exercise hyperemia induced by non-dominant forearm immobilization
We examined the effect of 3-week upper limb immobilization on conduit artery cross-sectional area and peak hyperemia (BFpeak) after exhaustive dynamic handgrip exercise (Exdyn), and that of low-volume strength an...
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Article
Open AccessA study of passive weight-bearing lower limb exercise effects on local muscles and whole body oxidative metabolism: a comparison with simulated horse riding, bicycle, and walking exercise
We have developed an exercise machine prototype for increasing exercise intensity by means of passively exercising lower limb muscles. The purpose of the present study was to compare the passive exercise inten...
