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Open AccessThe Influence of KCl and HCl on the High-Temperature Oxidation of a Fe-2.25Cr-1Mo Steel at 400 °C
The influence of alkali- and chlorine-containing compounds on the corrosion of superheater alloys has been studied extensively. The current paper instead investigates the corrosive effects of KCl and HCl under...
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Open AccessA Comparative Study of the Initial Corrosion of KCl and PbCl2 on a Low-Alloyed Steel
Heat exchange surfaces in biomass- and waste-fired boilers are exposed to corrosive species due to the considerable amounts of alkali chlorides and PbCl2 which are released during combustion. The corrosivity of a...
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Open AccessMicrostructural Study of the Influence of KCl and HCl on Preformed Corrosion Product Layers on Stainless Steel
Metallic construction materials in biomass- and waste-fired boilers are exposed to corrosive environments due to the considerable amounts of alkali chlorides and HCl(g) released in renewable fuels combustion. ...
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Open AccessHigh-Temperature Oxidation of FeCr(Ni) Alloys: The Behaviour After Breakaway
The oxidation of an austenitic FeCr(Ni) steel at 600 °C in H2O + KCl + O2/H2 + H2O + Ar environments is studied up to 168 h. The oxidation behaviour after “breakaway” is investigated by microstructural investiga...
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Open AccessOxidation After Breakdown of the Chromium-Rich Scale on Stainless Steels at High Temperature: Internal Oxidation
Breakaway oxidation of alloy 304L at 600 °C was studied in four environments (O2 + H2O + KCl, O2 + H2O + SO2 + KCl, H2 + H2O + Ar, O2 + K2CO3) for up to 168 h. The resulting scales were investigated by FIB/SEM, S...
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The Effect of H2 and H2O on the Oxidation of 304L-Stainless Steel at 600 °C: General Behaviour (Part I)
The effect of p(H2O) and p(H2) on the oxidation of 304L stainless steel at 600 °C has been investigated in the present study. The samples were analysed by means of X-ray diffraction, Auger spectroscopy, and scann...
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Open AccessA Microstructural and Kinetic Investigation of the KCl-Induced Corrosion of an FeCrAl Alloy at 600 °C
The corrosion behaviour of a FeCrAl alloy was investigated at 600 °C in O2 + H2O with solid KCl applied. A kinetics and microstructural investigation showed that KCl accelerates corrosion and that potassium chrom...
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Microstructural Investigation of the HCl-Induced Corrosion of the Austenitic Alloy 310S (52Fe26Cr19Ni) at 500 °C
This paper investigates the influence of 500 ppm HCl in a 5 %O2–95 %N2 atmosphere on the oxidation of the austenitic stainless steel AISI 310S at 500 °C. Laboratory exposures were made for one, 24, 72 and 168 h a...
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Article
Open AccessTrophic links and the relationship between predator and prey body sizes in food webs
The relationship between predator and prey body sizes is an important property of food webs with potential implications for community dynamics and ecosystem functioning. To shed more light on this issue I here...
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Article
Oxidation behavior of a Mo(Si,Al)2 composite at 900–1600 °C in dry air
The oxidation of a Mo(Si,Al)2-based composite is investigated in the temperature range 900–1600 °C in dry air. Exposure time was 72 h. Comparisons are made with the oxidation behavior of a conventional MoSi2-base...
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Oxidation of Binary FeCr Alloys (Fe–2.25Cr, Fe–10Cr, Fe–18Cr and Fe–25Cr) in O2 and in O2 + H2O Environment at 600 °C
The oxidation behaviour of the binary alloys Fe–2.25Cr, Fe–10Cr, Fe–18Cr and Fe–25Cr (wt%) in dry and wet O2 at 600 °C is investigated by isothermal exposures of carefully polished samples for up to 168 h. The ox...
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High Temperature Oxidation of the Austenitic (35Fe27Cr31Ni) Alloy Sanicro 28 in O2 + H2O Environment
The present study investigates the high temperature oxidation of alloy Sanicro 28 (35Fe27Cr31Ni) in 5% O2 and in 5% O2 + 40% H2O. Polished steel coupons were isothermally exposed in a tube furnace at 600, 700 and...
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The Influence of KCl on the Corrosion of an Austenitic Stainless Steel (304L) in Oxidizing Humid Conditions at 600 °C: A Microstructural Study
The effect of KCl on the corrosion behavior of the austenitic stainless steel 304L was studied at 600 °C in 5% O2 + 40% H2O + N2. The breakdown of the protective oxide was investigated. This was done through a de...
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Article
A Palaeolithic diet improves glucose tolerance more than a Mediterranean-like diet in individuals with ischaemic heart disease
Most studies of diet in glucose intolerance and type 2 diabetes have focused on intakes of fat, carbohydrate, fibre, fruits and vegetables. Instead, we aimed to compare diets that were available during human e...
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The Effect of Traces of SO2 on Iron Oxidation: A Microstructural Study
Pure iron has been exposed to pure O2 and O2 with 100 ppm SO2 at 525 °C for 1 and 24 h. The samples were investigated by FIB, SEM, TEM, EDX and EBSD. The oxide scales formed on iron at 525 °C in O2 and in O2 + 10...
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Microstructural Investigation of Protective and Non-Protective Oxides on 11% Chromium Steel
FIB, SEM and STEM/EDX were used to investigate X20 stainless-steel samples exposed to dry O2, or O2 containing 40% H2O, with a flow velocity of 0.5 cm/s or 5 cm/s, for 168 hr or 336 hr at 600°C. Thin protective C...
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Diffusion of Loops
We study a lattice model that is closely related to the Ising model and can be regarded as describing diffusion of loops in two dimensions. The time development is given by a transfer matrix for a random surfa...
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Letter
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Guest Editorial
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"Little Ice Age" Research: A Perspective from Iceland
The development during the nineteenth and twentieth centuries of the sciences of meteorology and climatology and their subdisciplines has made possible an ever-increasing understanding of the climate of the pa...
