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Article
Gigahertz quantized charge pum** in graphene quantum dots
Single-electron pumps are set to revolutionize electrical metrology by enabling the ampere to be redefined in terms of the elementary charge of an electron1. Pumps based on lithographically fixed tunnel barriers ...
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Article
Towards a quantum representation of the ampere using single electron pumps
Electron pumps generate a macroscopic electric current by controlled manipulation of single electrons. Despite intensive research towards a quantum current standard over the last 25 years, making a fast and ac...