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Article
Open AccessAtmosphere injection of sea salts during large explosive submarine volcanic eruptions
The 15 January 2022 submarine eruption at Hunga volcano was the most explosive volcanic eruption in 140 years. It involved exceptional magma and seawater interaction throughout the entire submarine caldera col...
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Article
Open AccessA model volcanic fissure with adjustable geometry and wall temperature
Fissure eruptions initiate with magma ascending and spreading through cracks in the ground that can extend for kilometres at the surface. Eruptions eventually localise to form one or a few persistent conduits ...
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Article
Open AccessEvaluation of short-term probabilistic eruption forecasting at Whakaari, New Zealand
Phreatic explosions at volcanoes are difficult to forecast but can be locally devastating, as illustrated by the deadly 2019 Whakaari (New Zealand) eruption. Quantifying eruption likelihood is essential for ri...
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Article
Spatiotemporal variations in eruption style and magnitude at Yasur volcano, Vanuatu: part 2—extending Strombolian eruption classifications
In this companion study to Simons et al. (Bull Volcanol 82, 2020a), we examine Strombolian style explosive activity at Yasur (Vanuatu) over 11 weeks via seismic, thermal-infrared and visual observations. In part ...
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Article
Open AccessAutomatic precursor recognition and real-time forecasting of sudden explosive volcanic eruptions at Whakaari, New Zealand
Sudden steam-driven eruptions strike without warning and are a leading cause of fatalities at touristic volcanoes. Recent deaths following the 2019 Whakaari eruption in New Zealand expose a need for accurate, ...
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Article
Spatiotemporal variations in eruption style, magnitude and vent morphology at Yasur volcano, Vanuatu: insights into the conduit system
Using visual, seismic, SO2-gas and thermal infrared data collected over 3 months, we observed systematic variations in the steady-state Strombolian-style activity of Yasur volcano. Observations reveal insights in...
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Article
Computable general equilibrium modelling of economic impacts from volcanic event scenarios at regional and national scale, Mt. Taranaki, New Zealand
The economic impacts of volcanism extend well beyond the direct costs of loss of life and asset damage. This paper presents one of the first attempts to assess the economic consequences of disruption associate...
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Article
New insights into the evolution of the magmatic system of a composite andesite volcano revealed by clasts from distal mass-flow deposits: Ruapehu volcano, New Zealand
Stratovolcanoes characteristically build large composite edifices over long periods with stacked lavas intercalated with pyroclastic deposits. In most cases, only the most recent volcanic products are exposed ...
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Article
Transport and deposition processes of the hydrothermal blast of the 6 August 2012 Te Maari eruption, Mt. Tongariro
The 2012 eruption of Tongariro volcano (New Zealand) produced highly mobile, low-temperature, blast-derived pyroclastic density currents after partial collapse of the western flank of the Upper Te Maari crater...
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Article
Linking distal volcaniclastic sedimentation and stratigraphy with the development of Ruapehu volcano, New Zealand
Long-lived stratovolcanoes are often characterized by cycles that include pulses of explosive and effusive eruptive activity, periodic flank collapses, and long periods of eruptive quiescence. Reconstructing t...
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Article
The Al-Du’aythah volcanic cones, Al-Madinah City: implications for volcanic hazards in northern Harrat Rahat, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
The basaltic Al-Du’aythah volcanic cones lie in the northern part of the extensive lava field of Harrat Rahat, and only 13 km from the centre of Al-Madinah City, in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Historical reco...
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Article
Erratum to: Identifying multiple eruption phases from a compound tephra blanket: an example of the AD1256 Al-Madinah eruption, Saudi Arabia
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Article
Identifying multiple eruption phases from a compound tephra blanket: an example of the AD1256 Al-Madinah eruption, Saudi Arabia
Complex eruption episodes commonly produce several phases of tephra fall and/or concurrent falls from multiple vents. Phases of eruption are challenging to reconstruct from the geological record, especially wh...
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Article
Transport and emplacement mechanisms of channelised long-runout debris avalanches, Ruapehu volcano, New Zealand
The steep flanks of composite volcanoes are prone to collapse, producing debris avalanches that completely reshape the landscape. This study describes new insights into the runout of large debris avalanches en...
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Article
Post 19 ka B.P. eruptive history of Ulleung Island, Korea, inferred from an intra-caldera pyroclastic sequence
Ulleung Island is a Quaternary volcanic island located in the mid-western part of the East Sea (Sea of Japan) back-arc basin, which has erupted from the Pliocene until the late Holocene. This study focuses on ...
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Article
A medial to distal volcaniclastic record of an andesite stratovolcano: detailed stratigraphy of the ring-plain succession of south-west Taranaki, New Zealand
The >25 ka volcaniclastic ring-plain succession in south-west Taranaki has been remapped to establish a much more detailed understanding of the older stratigraphic record of Mt. Taranaki. Coastal cliff exposur...
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Article
Mafic Plinian volcanism and ignimbrite emplacement at Tofua volcano, Tonga
Tofua Island is the largest emergent mafic volcano within the Tofua arc, Tonga, southwest Pacific. The volcano is dominated by a distinctive caldera averaging 4 km in diameter, containing a freshwater lake in ...
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Article
Ash storms: impacts of wind-remobilised volcanic ash on rural communities and agriculture following the 1991 Hudson eruption, southern Patagonia, Chile
Tephra fall from the August 1991 eruption of Volcán Hudson affected some 100,000 km2 of Patagonia and was almost immediately reworked by strong winds, creating billowing clouds of remobilised ash, or ‘ash storms’...
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Article
The coalescence and organization of lahars at Semeru volcano, Indonesia
We present multi-parameter geophysical measurements of rainfall-induced lahars at Semeru Volcano, East Java, using two observation sites 510 m apart, 11.5 km from the summit. Our study site in the Curah Lengko...
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Article
Agronomic impact of tephra fallout from the 1995 and 1996 Ruapehu Volcano eruptions, New Zealand
Eruptions from Ruapehu Volcano on 11 and 14 October 1995 and 17 June 1996 distributed at least 36×106 m3 of sulphur(S)-rich tephra over the central and eastern North Island of New Zealand. The tephras added betw...