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Article
Open AccessDiagnostics and treatment delay in primary central nervous system lymphoma: What the neurosurgeon should know
The gold standard for diagnostics in primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) is histopathological diagnosis after stereotactic biopsy. Yet, PCNSL has a multidisciplinary diagnostic work up, which assoc...
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Article
Adult orbital xanthogranuloma: long-term follow-up of treated cases
Adult orbital xanthogranulomatous disease (AOXGD) is a group of rare disorders. Four subtypes are identified: adult-onset xanthogranuloma (AOX), adult-onset asthma and periocular xanthogranuloma (AAPOX), necro...
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Article
Open AccessDevelopmental patterns in human blood–brain barrier and blood–cerebrospinal fluid barrier ABC drug transporter expression
When drugs exert their effects in the brain, linear extrapolation of doses from adults could be harmful for children as the blood–brain barrier (BBB) and blood–CSF barrier (BCSFB) function is still immature. M...
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Article
Open AccessIntracranial actinomycosis of odontogenic origin masquerading as auto-immune orbital myositis: a fatal case and review of the literature
Actinomycetes can rarely cause intracranial infection and may cause a variety of complications. We describe a fatal case of intracranial and intra-orbital actinomycosis of odontogenic origin with a unique present...
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Article
The tarsal plate manifestation of IgG4-related disease
To describe a clinical case of bilateral biopsy-proven IgG4-related disease confined to the tarsal plate.
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Article
Open AccessGNAQ and GNA11 mutations and downstream YAP activation in choroidal nevi
Mutations in GNAQ/11 genes are considered an early event in the development of uveal melanoma that may derive from a pre-existing nevus. The Hippo pathway, by way of YAP activation, rather than MAP kinase, has a ...
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Article
Escherichia coli-nitroreductase suicide gene control of human telomerase reverse transcriptase-transduced minor histocompatibility antigen-specific cytotoxic T cells
Adoptive immunotherapy with ex vivo generated cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) is applied for the treatment of leukemia relapses or viral infections after allogeneic stem cell transplantation. A common problem of a...