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Article
Open AccessMethods for Determination of the Layer Charge of Smectites: A Critical Assessment of Existing Approaches
Layer charge is an important property of 2:1 phyllosilicates originating from isomorphic substitutions in the structure, from vacancies in the octahedral sheet and from unsatisfied bonds at the edges of the cr...
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Article
Characterization of the Second Package of the Alternative Buffer Material (ABM) Experiment — II Exchangeable Cation Population Rearrangement
Bentonites are candidate materials for encapsulating radioactive waste within barrier systems in crystalline rocks. In the ‘Alternative Buffer Material’ (ABM) test in the hard rock laboratory in Äspö, Sweden, ...
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Article
Characterization of the Second Parcel of the Alternative Buffer Material (ABM) Experiment — I Mineralogical Reactions
The performance of bentonite barriers for high level radioactive waste (HLRW) disposal is currently being tested in various real-and up-scale disposal tests. One of the disposal tests, the ABM test (ABM = alte...
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Article
Interaction of Magnesium Cations with Dioctahedral Smectites under HLRW Repository Conditions
In some real and up-scale tests using high-level radioactive waste (HLRW), Mg accumulation was observed in smectites at the contact of heated Fe or Cu metal tubes. It is important to understand why Mg accumula...
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Article
Characterization of aluminum phosphate nanoparticles formed in a water well
In a drinking water well in Nethen, Germany, a yellowish precipitate, dominated by aluminum and phosphorus, affected the operation of the submersible pump by mechanically blocking the impellers. So far, alumin...
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Article
Salt bursting tests on volcanic tuff rocks from Mexico
During the pre-colonial period all the architectural constructions of the Maya and the later Aztec culture were made from different types of rocks available in the nearby surroundings of the settlements. Later...
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Article
Seismic and mechanical properties of Opalinus Clay: comparison between sandy and shaly facies from Mont Terri (Switzerland)
For the safe disposal of high-level radioactive waste, different host rocks are currently being considered. The favorable properties of clay are low permeability, some retention capacity concerning radionuclid...
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Article
Comparison of Three Small-Scale Devices for the Investigation of the Electrical Conductivity/Resistivity of Swelling and Other Clays
Electrical measurements are used in various fields of geoscience and technology, e.g. gas/oil exploration or landslide-barrier monitoring. Although clays are amongst the most conducting geomaterials their electri...
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Article
Density and porosity of bentonites
The calculation and measurement of the densities of smectites proved that calculation can lead to accurate values if the smectite d001-value, water content, molar mass of one formula unit, interlayer composition,...
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Article
Joint clay–heavy–light mineral analysis: a tool to investigate the hydrographic–hydraulic regime of Late Cenozoic deltaic inland fans under changing climatic conditions (Cuvelai-Etosha Basin, Namibia)
An interdisciplinary study (major and minor elements, C and O isotopes, heavy and light minerals, phyllosilicates, wireline logs) in northern Namibia unraveled the hydrographic and hydraulic evolution of alluv...
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Article
Paleontological, mineralogical and chemical studies of syngenetic and epigenetic Pb–Zn–Ba–P mineralizations at the stratotype of the K/P boundary (El Kef area, Tunisia)
The El Kef area, Tunisia, is host of the official stratotype of the K/P boundary and of a complex metallic and non-metallic mineralization at Djebel Sekarna, encompassing syn(dia)genetic shale- and carbonate-h...
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Article
Water-Uptake Capacity of Bentonites
The present study compares the water-vapor adsorption capacity of bentonites (natural cation population) with the Enslin-Neff method. Water-vapor adsorption at 50% r.h. (relative humidity) or 70% r.h. is known...
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Article
Variation of preferred orientation in oriented clay mounts as a result of sample preparation and composition
In X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, preparation of oriented clay specimens enhances their 00l reflections by arranging basal surfaces parallel to the specimen surface. In one-dimensional modeling of XRD intensit...
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Article
Three new, quick CEC methods for determining the amounts of exchangeable calcium cations in calcareous clays
The cation exchange capacity (CEC) is one of the most important properties of clays in terms of their performance in both natural and technical processes. For decades, common methods for determining exchangeab...
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Article
Quantitative phase analysis of bentonites by the rietveld method
Thirty six bentonite samples from 16 different locations were examined in order to demonstrate the applicability of a new Rietveld description approach for quantitative phase analysis. X-ray diffraction patter...
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Article
Multiple ionization of atom clusters by intense soft X-rays from a free-electron laser
Intense radiation from lasers has opened up many new areas of research in physics and chemistry, and has revolutionized optical technology. So far, most work in the field of nonlinear processes has been restri...
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Chapter and Conference Paper
Die Katheterdrainage der Harnblase
Die Katheterdrainage der Harnblase ist indiziert bei Blasenentleerungsstörungen, um den lebensnotwendigen Harntransport zu gewährleisten und eine Überdehnung der Blase zu vermeiden. Weitere Indikationen sind d...
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Article
90. Chirurg und Krankenhaushygiene
The decades-old rules of surgical asepsis and antisepsis are more valid than ever before. The responsibility for hygiene must be clearly established: ] in his particular area, the surgeon, and he alone, is res...
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Chapter
Der Wasser- und Elektrolythaushalt
Wasser- und Elektrolythaushalt stellen eine funktionelle Einheit dar, da das Wasser in den einzelnen Verteilungsräumen einen relativ konstanten Elektrolythgehalt aufweist. Von Bedeutung sind daher nicht nur di...
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Article
Klinik und Diagnostik des „Anal- und Rectumcarcinoms“
