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    Chapter

    Transport Processes in Tracks

    The linearly extended overall radiation-induced change in free volume — either resulting in a net increase or a decrease — together with the extended distribution of newly formed radicals, is one of the most c...

    D. Fink, V. Hnatowicz, P. Yu. Apel in Transport Processes in Ion-Irradiated Polymers (2004)

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    Chapter

    Modifications on the Molecular and Supramolecular Level

    The microstructural changes of polymers upon ion impact can be classified according to Table 8.1. This table makes it clear that polymer-irradiation affects a multitude of parameters, nearly all of which are i...

    D. Fink, V. Hnatowicz, P. Yu. Apel in Fundamentals of Ion-Irradiated Polymers (2004)

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    Chapter

    Ion-Track Applications

    Just as low-energy ion irradiation of polymers has found a number of useful applications, also tracks of energetic heavy ions in polymers can be used in technology. In fact it took less than ten years after th...

    D. Fink, P. Yu. Apel, R. H. Iyer in Transport Processes in Ion-Irradiated Polymers (2004)

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    Chapter

    Ion-Track Etching

    Chemical etching of the ion-irradiated polymers is a process that transforms every latent track into a hole that, depending on conditions, may have a wide variety of shapes — long cylinders, short cones, hemis...

    P. Yu. Apel, D. Fink in Transport Processes in Ion-Irradiated Polymers (2004)