X-ray and Neutron Reflectivity
Principles and Applications
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Article
Open AccessSingle-atom energy-conversion device with a quantum load
We report on a single-atom energy-conversion quantum device operating as an engine, or a refrigerator, coupled to a quantum load. The ‘working fluid’ consists of the two optical levels of an ion, while the loa...
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Article
Quantum stochastic resonance in an a.c.-driven single-electron quantum dot
In stochastic resonance, the combination of a weak signal with noise leads to its amplification and optimization1. This phenomenon has been observed in several systems in contexts ranging from palaeoclimatology, ...
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Article
Enhancing energy harvesting by coupling monostable oscillators
The performance of a ring of linearly coupled, monostable nonlinear oscillators is optimized towards its goal of acting as energy harvester – through piezoelectric transduction – of mesoscopic fluctuations, w...
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Article
Open AccessSelf-Polarizing Microswimmers in Active Density Waves
An artificial microswimmer drifts in response to spatio-temporal modulations of an activating suspension medium. We consider two competing mechanisms capable of influencing its tactic response: angular fluctua...
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Article
Kramers escape of a self-propelled particle
We investigate the escape rate of an overdamped, self-propelled spherical Brownian particle on a surface from a metastable potential well. Within a modeling in terms of a 1D constant speed of the particle’s a...
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Article
Open AccessTransient anomalous diffusion in periodic systems: ergodicity, symmetry breaking and velocity relaxation
We study far from equilibrium transport of a periodically driven inertial Brownian particle moving in a periodic potential. As detected for a SQUID ratchet dynamics, the mean square deviation of the particle p...
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Article
Quantum technology: from research to application
The term quantum physics refers to the phenomena and characteristics of atomic and subatomic systems which cannot be explained by classical physics. Quantum physics has had a long tradition in Germany, going b...
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Article
Open AccessExperimental control of transport resonances in a coherent quantum rocking ratchet
The ratchet phenomenon is a means to get directed transport without net forces. Originally conceived to rectify stochastic motion and describe operational principles of biological motors, the ratchet effect ca...
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Chapter
Simulation of Heat Transport in Low-Dimensional Oscillator Lattices
The study of heat transport in low-dimensional oscillator lattices presents a formidable challenge. Theoretical efforts have been made trying to reveal the underlying mechanism of diversified heat transport be...
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Article
Open AccessBoosting thermoelectric efficiency using time-dependent control
Thermoelectric efficiency is defined as the ratio of power delivered to the load of a device to the rate of heat flow from the source. Till date, it has been studied in presence of thermodynamic constraints se...
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Article
The other QFT
Fluctuation theorems go beyond the linear response regime to describe systems far from equilibrium. But what happens to these theorems when we enter the quantum realm? The answers, it seems, are now coming thi...
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Article
Josephson-like currents in graphene for arbitrary time-dependent potential barriers
From the exact solution of the Dirac-Weyl equation we find unusual currents j y running in y-direction parallel to a time-dependent scalar potential bar...
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Reference Work Entry In depth
Correlations in Complex Systems
Glossary
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Article
Harvesting randomness
The practical use of electronic ratchets has long been hampered by low output powers and cryogenic operating temperatures. A pentacene-based organic ratchet can now drive electronic circuitry at room temperature.
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Chapter
Transporting Cold Atoms in Optical Lattices with Ratchets: Mechanisms and Symmetries
Thermal fluctuations alone cannot create a steady directed transport in an unbiased system. However, if a system is out of equilibrium, the Second Law of Thermodynamics no longer applies, and then there are no...
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Article
Non-local observables and lightcone-averaging in relativistic thermodynamics
The unification of relativity and thermodynamics has been a subject of considerable debate over the past 100 years. The reasons for this are twofold. First, thermodynamic variables are non-local quantities and...
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Book
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Book
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Chapter
When It Helps to Be Purely Hamiltonian: Acceleration of Rare Events and Enhanced Escape Dynamics
We consider the self-organized escape of a linear chain of coupled units from a metastable state over a barrier in a microcanonical situation.Initially the units of the chain are situated near the bottom of th...
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Chapter
Rectification Through Entropic Barriers
The dynamics of Brownian motion has widespread applications extending from transport in designed micro-channels up to its prominent role for inducing transport in molecular motors and Brownian motors. Here, Br...
