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Open AccessImplications of Non-Specific Effects for Testing, Approving, and Regulating Vaccines
The current framework for testing and regulating vaccines was established before the realization that vaccines, in addition to their effect against the vaccine-specific disease, may also have “non-specific eff...
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Open AccessHealth effects of utilising hospital contacts to provide measles vaccination to children 9–59 months—a randomised controlled trial in Guinea-Bissau
Measles vaccination coverage in Guinea-Bissau is low; fewer than 80% of children are currently measles vaccinated before 12 months of age. The low coverage hampers control of measles. Furthermore, accumulating...
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Life expectancy of HIV-infected patients followed at the largest hospital in Guinea-Bissau is one-fourth of life expectancy of the background population
To estimate the life expectancy (LE) of HIV-infected patients in the West African country Guinea-Bissau and compare it with the background population.
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Author Correction: Trained immunity, tolerance, priming and differentiation: distinct immunological processes
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Open AccessChronic political instability and HIV/AIDS response in Guinea-Bissau: a qualitative study
The Republic of Guinea-Bissau in West Africa has a high HIV/AIDS disease burden and has experienced political instability in the recent past. Our study used qualitative methods to better understand key stakeho...
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Trained immunity, tolerance, priming and differentiation: distinct immunological processes
The similarities and differences between trained immunity and other immune processes are the subject of intense interrogation. Therefore, a consensus on the definition of trained immunity in both in vitro and ...
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Open AccessUsing BCG vaccine to enhance non-specific protection of health care workers during the COVID-19 pandemic: A structured summary of a study protocol for a randomised controlled trial in Denmark
Objectives: The Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine against tuberculosis is associated with non- specific protective effects against other infections, and significant reductions in all-cause morbidity and morta...
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The non-specific and sex-differential effects of vaccines
The textbook view of vaccination is that it functions to induce immune memory of the specific pathogen components of the vaccine, leading to a quantitatively and qualitatively better response if the host is ex...
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Open AccessDifferential effects of BCG vaccine on immune responses induced by vi polysaccharide typhoid fever vaccination: an explorative randomized trial
The Vi polysaccharide typhoid fever vaccine (TFV) provides incomplete protection against typhoid fever. BCG, the vaccine against tuberculosis, can potentiate immune responses to other vaccines through inductio...
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Opposite effects of Vaccinia and modified Vaccinia Ankara on trained immunity
Vaccines such as Vaccinia or BCG have non-specific effects conferring protection against other diseases than their target infection, which are likely partly mediated through induction of innate immune memory (tra...
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Open AccessOutcomes of controlled human malaria infection after BCG vaccination
Recent evidence suggests that certain vaccines, including Bacillus-Calmette Guérin (BCG), can induce changes in the innate immune system with non-specific memory characteristics, termed ‘trained immunity’. Her...
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Open AccessThe phylogeography and incidence of multi-drug resistant typhoid fever in sub-Saharan Africa
There is paucity of data regarding the geographical distribution, incidence, and phylogenetics of multi-drug resistant (MDR) Salmonella Typhi in sub-Saharan Africa. Here we present a phylogenetic reconstruction o...
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Open AccessAwareness, attitudes and perceptions regarding HIV and PMTCT amongst pregnant women in Guinea-Bissau– a qualitative study
The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) continues to be a major cause of maternal and infant mortality and morbidity in sub-Saharan Africa. Prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV (PMTCT) strategies h...
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Nonspecific effect of BCG vaccination at birth on early childhood infections: a randomized, clinical multicenter trial
Childhood infections are common and Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccination at birth may prevent these via nonspecific effects.
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Open AccessAfri-Can Forum 2
A1 Introduction to the 2nd synchronicity forum of GHRI/CHVI-funded Canadian and African HIV prevention and vaccine teams
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Open AccessEarly BCG vaccine to low-birth-weight infants and the effects on growth in the first year of life: a randomised controlled trial
Randomised trials have shown that early Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine reduces overall neonatal and infant mortality. However, no study has examined how BCG affects growth. We investigated the effect on...
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Open AccessBCG coverage and barriers to BCG vaccination in Guinea-Bissau: an observational study
BCG vaccination is recommended at birth in low-income countries, but vaccination is often delayed. Often 20-dose vials of BCG are not opened unless at least ten children are present for vaccination (“restricte...
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Nonspecific effects of neonatal and infant vaccination: public-health, immunological and conceptual challenges
Neonates represent a challenging group for vaccination. Effective vaccine programs will need to take into account a number of factors including gender and non-specific vaccine effects.
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Open AccessNeonatal vitamin A supplementation associated with a cluster of deaths and poor early growth in a randomised trial among low-birth-weight boys of vitamin A versus oral polio vaccine at birth
The effect of oral polio vaccine administered already at birth (OPV0) on child survival was not examined before being recommended in 1985. Observational data suggested that OPV0 was harmful for boys, and trial...
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Open AccessTrends and determinants of mortality in women of reproductive age in rural Guinea-Bissau, West Africa – a cohort study
There are few studies reporting mortality of women of reproductive age (WRA) in develo** countries. The trend and patterns of their mortality may be important for documenting the health status of the populat...
