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Article
Intestinal plasticity and metabolism as regulators of organismal energy homeostasis
The small intestine displays marked anatomical and functional plasticity that includes adaptive alterations in adult gut morphology, enteroendocrine cell profile and their hormone secretion, as well as nutrien...
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Article
Open AccessCritical Assessment of Metagenome Interpretation: the second round of challenges
Evaluating metagenomic software is key for optimizing metagenome interpretation and focus of the Initiative for the Critical Assessment of Metagenome Interpretation (CAMI). The CAMI II challenge engaged the co...
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Article
Open AccessDietary excess regulates absorption and surface of gut epithelium through intestinal PPARα
Intestinal surface changes in size and function, but what propels these alterations and what are their metabolic consequences is unknown. Here we report that the food amount is a positive determinant of the gu...
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Article
Open AccessATLAS: a Snakemake workflow for assembly, annotation, and genomic binning of metagenome sequence data
Metagenomics studies provide valuable insight into the composition and function of microbial populations from diverse environments; however, the data processing pipelines that rely on map** reads to gene cat...
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Microbiota guides insulin trafficking in beta cells
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Open AccessHepatic protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor gamma links obesity-induced inflammation to insulin resistance
Obesity-induced inflammation engenders insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) but the inflammatory effectors linking obesity to insulin resistance are incompletely understood. Here, we show tha...
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Article
Regulation of body weight and energy homeostasis by neuronal cell adhesion molecule 1
The precise mechanisms that cause human obesity remain unknown. Here the authors illustrate how increased expression of Cadm1, a mediator of synapse assembly, is relevant to weight gain. Reduction of Cadm1 in ...
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Article
Microbial signals to the brain control weight
The bacteria that inhabit the rodent gut promote insulin secretion and food intake by activating the parasympathetic nervous system — a hitherto unknown mode of action for this multifaceted microbiota. See Articl...
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Microbiota depletion promotes browning of white adipose tissue and reduces obesity
Browning of white adipose tissue is induced by depletion of the microbiota, improving metabolic disease and reducing obesity.
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Article
MyomiR-133 regulates brown fat differentiation through Prdm16
Brown adipose tissue generates heat on exposure to cold temperatures. Stoffel and colleagues identify a cold-regulated pathway that increases levels of the transcriptional regulator Prdm16 to promote brown adi...
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Article
MicroRNAs 103 and 107 regulate insulin sensitivity
A microRNA (miRNA) microarray analysis of the livers of two mouse models of obesity show that the expression of miRNA-103 and miRNA-107 is upregulated in obesity. Silencing these miRNAs improves glucose homeos...
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Article
Synergy of glucose and growth hormone signalling in islet cells through ICA512 and STAT5
Nutrients and growth hormones promote insulin production and the proliferation of pancreatic β-cells. An imbalance between ever-increasing metabolic demands and insulin output causes diabetes. Recent evidence ...
