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Article
Impact of gut microbiota on drug metabolism: an update for safe and effective use of drugs
The intestinal mucosa and liver have long been considered as the main sites of drug metabolism, and the contribution of gut microbiota to drug metabolism has been under-estimated. However, it is now generally ...
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Article
Phase I and phase II metabolite identification of rutaecarpine in freshly isolated hepatocytes from male Sprague–Dawley rats
Rutaecarpine, an alkaloid originally isolated from Evodia rutaecarpa, has been used for the treatment of gastrointestinal disorders in Asia. In the present study, the phase I and phase II metabolites of rutaecarp...
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Article
Identification of a N 7-guanine adduct of 1-bromopropane in calf thymus DNA by mass spectrometry
As a replacement for chlorofluorocarbons that cause ozone depletion, 1-bromopropane has been widely used in work place. In the present study, the formation of N 7-guanine adduct in...
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Article
Role of metabolism by intestinal microbiota in pharmacokinetics of oral baicalin
Baicalin (baicalein-7-glucuronide) is a flavonoid purified from Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi that has traditionally been used for treatment of hypertension, cardiovascular diseases, and viral hepatitis. In this...
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Article
Role of metabolism by human intestinal microflora in geniposide-induced toxicity in HepG2 cells
Possible role of metabolism by the intestinal bacteria in geniposide-induced cytotoxicity was investigated in human hepatoma HepG2 cells. Initially, toxic effects of geniposide and its metabolite genipin were ...
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Article
Role of metabolism by intestinal bacteria in arbutin-induced toxicity in vitro
A possible role of metabolism by intestinal bacteria in arbutin-induced toxicity was investigated in mammalian cell cultures. Following an incubation of arbutin with intestinal bacteria, either Bifidobacterium lo...
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Article
Effects of rutaecarpine on the metabolism and urinary excretion of caffeine in rats
Although rutaecarpine, an alkaloid originally isolated from the unripe fruit of Evodia rutaecarpa, has been reported to reduce the systemic exposure of caffeine, the mechanism of this phenomenon is unclear. We in...
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Article
A rapid method to determine tetrabromobisphenol a in rat serum and urine by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry
Tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA), one of the most widely used brominated flame retardants in the world, is used to improve fire safety of laminates in electrical and electronic equipment. A liquid chromatography-...
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Article
Open AccessRole of Glutathione Conjugation in 1-Bromobutane-induced Immunotoxicity in Mice
Halogenated organic compounds, such as 1-bromobutane (1-BB), have been used as cleaning agents, agents for chemical syntheses or extraction solvents in workplace. In the present study, immunotoxic effects of 1...
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Article
Identification of glutathione conjugates of 1-bromopentane and its hepatotoxicity in female BALB/c mice
Halogenated organic compounds, such as 1-bromopentane (1-BPT), are used as cleaning agents, synthesis agents, or extraction solvents in the workplace. In the present study, glutathione (GSH) conjugation and he...
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Article
Open AccessEffects of Oral Rutaecarpine on the Pharmacokinetics of Intravenous Chlorzoxazone in Rats
It has been reported that hepatic microsomal cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2E1 is responsible for the metabolism of chlorzoxazone (CZX) to 6-hydroxychlorzoxazone. The present study was undertaken to assess the possibl...
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Article
In vitro characterization of the enzymes involved in the metabolism of 1-Furan-2-yl-3-pyridin-2-yl-propenone, an anti-inflammatory propenone compound
Carbonyl reduction is a significant step in the phase I biotransformation of a great variety of aromatic, alicyclic and aliphatic carbonyl compounds. 1-Furan-2-yl-3-pyridin-2-yl-propenone (FPP-3) has been show...
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Article
The effects of rutaecarpine on the pharmacokinetics of acetaminophen in rats
Rutaecarpine, an alkaloid originally isolated from the unripe fruit ofEvodia rutaecarpa, has been shown to be anti-inflammatory as it inhibits cyclooxygenase-2. It induces the activities of hepatic CYP 1A2, 2B, a...
