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Open AccessA spectroscopic liquid biopsy for the earlier detection of multiple cancer types
A rapid, low-cost blood test that can be applied to reliably detect multiple different cancer types would be transformational.
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Open AccessGlobal serum profiling: an opportunity for earlier cancer detection
The advances in cancer research achieved in the last 50 years have been remarkable and have provided a deeper knowledge of this disease in many of its conceptual and biochemical aspects. From viewing a tumor a...
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Open AccessLiquid biopsies: the future of cancer early detection
Cancer is a worldwide pandemic. The burden it imposes grows steadily on a global scale causing emotional, physical, and financial strains on individuals, families, and health care systems. Despite being the se...
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Open AccessFoundations of the Age-Area Hypothesis
A useful tool in understanding the roots of the world geography of culture is the Age-Area-Hypothesis. The Age-Area Hypothesis (AAH) asserts that the point of geographical origin of a group of related cultures...
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Sharing, gift-giving, and optimal resource use in hunter-gatherer society
Hunter-gatherer societies are characterized by decentralized decision making and shared access to resources. Goods are distributed via reciprocal exchange, sharing, and gift-giving, in the end resulting in rel...
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Open AccessDevelopment of high-throughput ATR-FTIR technology for rapid triage of brain cancer
Non-specific symptoms, as well as the lack of a cost-effective test to triage patients in primary care, has resulted in increased time-to-diagnosis and a poor prognosis for brain cancer patients. A rapid, cost...
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Reference Work Entry In depth
Crime: Organized Crime and the Law
This entry reviews the literature on the economics of organized crime. While the economics of organized crime is a small subfield of economics, it can offer insights in unexpected areas of economics. The field...
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Open AccessBrain tumour differentiation: rapid stratified serum diagnostics via attenuated total reflection Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy
The ability to diagnose cancer rapidly with high sensitivity and specificity is essential to exploit advances in new treatments to lead significant reductions in mortality and morbidity. Current cancer diagnos...
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Open AccessIntroducing Discrete Frequency Infrared Technology for High-Throughput Biofluid Screening
Accurate early diagnosis is critical to patient survival, management and quality of life. Biofluids are key to early diagnosis due to their ease of collection and intimate involvement in human function. Large-...
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US Military Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Training Programs and Careers of Military Child Psychiatrists
Military child and adolescent psychiatry (CAP) fellowship programs offer educational experiences universal to all civilian training programs in the USA. They also offer unique training opportunities not found ...
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Living Reference Work Entry In depth
Crime (Organized) and the Law
This entry reviews the literature on the economics of organized crime. While the economics of organized crime is a small subfield of economics, it can offer insights in unexpected areas of economics. The field...
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Using Fourier transform IR spectroscopy to analyze biological materials
Advances in sample preparation and computation analysis make FTIR of biological materials a rapidly expanding research area. Researchers from a number of universities have collaborated to provide procedures fo...
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Investigating the rapid diagnosis of gliomas from serum samples using infrared spectroscopy and cytokine and angiogenesis factors
The ability to diagnose brain cancer rapidly from serum samples is of great interest; such a diagnosis would allow for rapid testing and time to results providing a responsive diagnostic environment, ability t...
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Spectroscopic analysis of bacterial biological warfare simulants and the effects of environmental conditioning on a bacterial spectrum
The ability to distinguish bacteria from mixed samples is of great interest, especially in the medical and defence arenas. This paper reports a step towards the aim of differentiating pathogenic endospores in ...
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Open AccessKings and Vikings: on the dynamics of competitive agglomeration
This paper proposes a theory of competitive agglomeration—a new enquiry into the origins of hierarchical structures and governments. As a motivating example we analyze the Viking age—the roughly 300 year perio...
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A structural model of the transition to agriculture
I develop a model of the transition to agriculture that can be estimated using cross-cultural data on the incidence of agriculture. The model allows for endogenous growth effects in which population density an...
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Credible Criminal Enforcement
Economic models of crime and punishment implicitly assume that the government can credibly commit to the fines, sentences, and apprehension rates it has chosen. We study the government’s problem when credibili...
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Reviews
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Article
Complete Response of a Recurrent, Multicentric Malignant Glioma in a Patient Treated with Phenylbutyrate
Sodium phenylbutyrate is a biological-response modifier that acts as a dose-dependent inhibitor of glioma cell proliferation, migration, and invasiveness in vitro, possibly by inhibition of urokinase and c-myc pa...
