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Article
HMGB1 Mediates Inflammation-Induced DMT1 Increase and Dopaminergic Neurodegeneration in the Early Stage of Parkinsonism
Both neuroinflammation and iron accumulation play roles in the pathogenesis of Parkinson’s disease (PD). However, whether inflammation induces iron dyshomeostasis in dopaminergic neurons at an early stage of P...
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Article
Baicalein attenuates rotenone-induced SH-SY5Y cell apoptosis through binding to SUR1 and activating ATP-sensitive potassium channels
Dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra (SN) expressing SUR1/Kir6.2 type ATP-sensitive potassium channels (K-ATP) are more vulnerable to rotenone or metabolic stress, which may be an important reason for ...
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Vanillin
Vanillin is extracted from gastrodin and has been used in the treatment of epilepsy. Vanillin is known as one of the first synthetic spices. It can be used as intermediate for the synthesis of a variety of dru...
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Lycorine
Lycorine is extracted from lycoris radiate, which is famous because galanthamine has been approved by FDA as an anti-Alzheimer disease drug. Lycoris radiate is the only natural source for galanthamine with ext...
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Santonin
Santonin is a lactone compound extracted from the flower bud of Artemisia cina Berg in Compositae, crown daisy chrysanthemum or other plants in Artemisia. It has been recorded in ancient China. Its English name i...
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Anabasine
Anatabine is the most important alkaloid found in the root, fibrous roots, or bark of Alangium chinense (Lour) Harms. Alangium chinense contains alkaloids, sugars, saponins, steroids, triterpenes, anthraquinones ...
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Borneol
Borneol is a bicyclic organic compound and a terpene derivative. It’s derived from fresh branches and leaves of Cinnamomum camphora (L.) Presl. The borneol is one of the earliest natural medicines of single organ...
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Vitamin B
Vitamin B, which is classified as water-soluble B by McCollum in early period, is the indispensable material in vivo to convert saccharide, fat and protein to heat. Vitamin B includes thiamin, vitamin B2, niacin,...
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Caffeine
Caffeine is a kind of xanthine alkaloid and mainly found in coffee, tea, Paraguay Holly (Mate), and the fruit or leaf taken from guarana. Caffeine shows the function of dispelling fatigue and exciting nerve. T...
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Vitamin C
Vitamin C is a general term for compounds having ascorbic acid activity, including ascorbic acid, dehydroascorbic acid, and its isomers. A few hundred years ago, researchers found that scurvy could be prevente...
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Neoandrographolide
Neoandrographolide is a colorless column crystal that has been isolated from the stem and leaves of Andrographis paniculata. Neoandrographolide and andrographolide are the main active ingredients of a variety of ...
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Chelidonine
Chelidonine, also named ranunculine, is a benzophenanthridine alkaloid isolated from the whole plant of Chelidonium majus. L. It has been used as a painkiller in clinical treatment based on its morphine-like anal...
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Arbutin
Arbutin is extracted from the bearberry plant or other plants. Arbutin could effectively inhibit the activity of tyrosinase in skin cells and block the formation of melanin. Arbutin is therefore used as a skin...
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Cytisine
Cytisine is an alkaloid, which is isolated from Laburnum and Cytisus of the family Fabaceae. Cytisine has a similar chemical structure to that of nicotine, and it possesses selective binding affinity for neuronal...
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Paeonol
Paeonol is the main active ingredient of the cortex of the Ranunculaceae plants including Paeonia suffruticosa Andr. and Rhododendron plant Cynanchum paniculatum (Bge.) Kitag. Paeonol has a wide range of pharmaco...
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Erycibe Alkaloid II
Erycibe alkaloid II belongs to scopolamine alkaloids, whose chemical structure is different from other known cholinomimetic drugs. Erycibe alkaloid II has the remarkable therapeutic effect on glaucoma by contr...
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Osthole
Osthole is derived from Umbelliferae and Rutaceae plants. It is a Chinese medicine which is used widely by traditional medicine doctors. Cnidium has been recorded in almost all of the pharmaceutical monograph....
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Anethole
Anethole was obtained from dried and ripened fruits of Illicium verum Hook. f. or Foeniculum vulgare Mill. Illicium verum possesses a variety of pharmacological effects, such as increasing the white blood cellula...
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Divasidum
Divasidum is a cardiac glycoside compound found in the seeds of Apocynaceae plant Strophanthus divaricatus. In China, divasidum has been developed into injection for the treatment of heart failure. The current cl...
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Picrotoxin
Picrotoxin is extracted from the seeds of Radix Cocculi Trilobi. The pharmacological effects of picrotoxin are focused on the central nervous system and GABA receptor. Picrotoxin also showed direct effects on ...
